GURKO, OSSIP VLADIMIROVICH Rus sian field-marshal, was born on Nov. 15, 1828. He fought in the Russo-Turkish War (1877-78), and in June 1877 with the rank of lieutenant-general, commanded a detachment which was to advance to Trnovo, with the object of forcing one of the passes and raising a revolt in Bulgaria. He took part in the attack on the Shipka pass, which he was to attack from the south, while the VIII. Corps attacked simultaneously from the north. The Turks delayed Gurko's advance, with the result that he failed to co-operate and the VIII. Corps was repulsed (July 17, After the war Gurko was made successively governor-general of St. Petersburg (1879), Odessa (1882) and Warsaw (1883). He retired in 1894, having attained the rank of field-marshal, and died on June 28, 1901, at Sacharov (Tver).