HOBHOUSE, ARTHUR HOBHOUSE, 1ST BARON (1819-1904), English judge, fourth son of Henry Hobhouse, per manent under-secretary of State in the Home Office, was born at Hadspen, Somerset, on Nov. 1 o, 1819. Educated at Eton and Bal liol, he was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1845, and rapidly acquired a large practice as a conveyancer and equity draftsman ; he became Q.C. in 1862, and practised in the Rolls Court, retiring in 1866. He was an active member of the charity commission and urged the appropriation of pious bequests to educational and other purposes. In 1872 he began a five years' term of service as legal member of the council of the governor-general of India, his serv ices being acknowledged by a K.C.S.I. ; and in 1881 he was ap pointed a member of the judicial committee of the privy council, on which he served for 20 years. He was made a peer in 1885, and consistently served the Liberal party in the House of Lords. He died on Dec. 6, 1904, leaving no heir to the barony.
His papers read before the Social Science Association on the subject of property were collected in 188o under the title of The Dead Hand. HOBHOUSE, LEONARD TRELAWNEY British sociologist, was educated at Oxford; he became fellow of Merton college in 1887, and of Corpus Christi in 189o. He served for five years on the staff of The Manchester Guardian. An active Liberal, he was secretary of the Free-Trade Union in 1903-05 and published several political works, notably The Labour Movement (1893 ; 2nd ed., 1898) and Democracy and Reaction (19o4), show ing strong sympathy with collectivism, which he maintained to be not inconsistent with Liberalism. In 1907 he was appointed Martin White professor of sociology in the university of London, and next year became editor of The Sociological Review. Thence forth, except for a few war publications, he devoted his energies to writing and lecturing on ethical, psychological and sociological subjects. His principal works are The Theory of Knowledge (3rd ed., 1921) ; Mind in Evolution (2nd ed., 1915) ; Morals in Evolu tion (2 vol., 3rd ed., ; Development and Purpose (1913) ; and Principles of Sociology in four separate sections (1918-24) ; the social application of ethical principles; in collaboration with G. C. Wheeler and M. Ginsberg, The Material Culture and Social Institutions of the Simpler Peoples (1915) ; and with J. L. Ham mond, Lord Hobhouse; a Memoir (1905). He died June 21, 1929.