HUNTINGTON, ELLSWORTH ), American geographer, was born at Galesburg, Ill., on Sept. 16, 1876, and educated at Beloit (A.B., 1897), Harvard (A.M., 1902) and Yale (Ph.D., 1909). From 1897 to 1901 he was an instructor in Euphrates college, Harput, Turkey, and in 1901 he carried out an exploration of the canyons of the Euphrates river for which he was awarded the Gill memorial of the Royal Geographical Society. In 1903-04 he was a member of Pumhelly's Carnegie Institute expedition to Turkistan and in 19o5–o6 of R. L. Bar rett's expedition to Chinese Turkistan, which explorations found a record in Huntington's books, Explorations to Turkistan (1905), and The Pulse of Asia (1907) , the latter one of his best. At Yale he was instructor of geography, 1907-12, assistant professor 1912-15, and in 1917 was appointed research associate. In 1909 he headed the Yale expedition to Palestine and Asia Minor, and in 1911 published Palestine and its Transformation. From 1910 to 1913 he was research associate of the Carnegie Institution of Washington and made climatic investigations in the United States, Mexico and Central America. Huntington's investigations have had to do chiefly with climate and its relation to land forms, geological and historical changes, and to human activities and the distribution of civilizations. He published The Climatic Fac tor (1914), Civilization and Climate (1915, rev. ed., 1924) and Quaternary Climates (1925). These interests led him to investi gate also the causes of climatic variation and of weather changes, resulting in Climatic Changes, with S. S. Visher (192 2) and Earth and Sun (1923). Other important works are: The Charac ter of Races (1924) ; The Pulse of Progress (1926) ; The Human Habitat (1927).