HUGHES, SIR SAM (1853-1921), Canadian soldier and politician, was born at Darlington, Ont. on Jan. 8, 1853. In the Fenian raids of 187o he served with the Canadian volunteer militia, and in 1873 was gazetted to the 45th Regiment. Educated at Toronto University, he lectured at a Toronto collegiate insti tute until 1885, when he took up journalism, being editor and proprietor of the Lindsay Warder, In 1892 Hughes was elected to the Dominion parliament, but service in the South Afri can War interrupted his political career. Returning to Canada after the coronation of King George V. in 1911, he became min ister of militia and defence, and was chiefly responsible for the creation of the overseas force which sailed for Europe in 1914. In 1915 Hughes was created K.C.B. and promoted major-general; but in the following year disagreements with Sir Robert Borden resulted in his resignation. Hughes criticized severely the strategy and leadership of Sir Arthur Currie. In July 1921 he announced his intention of retiring from parliament, and he died at Lindsay, Ont., on Aug. 24, 1921.