INNOCENT VII. (Cosimo dei Migliorati), pope from Oct. 17, 1404, to Nov. 6, 1406, was born at Sulmona in the Abruzzi in He was made papal vice-chamberlain and archbishop of Ravenna by Urban VI., and appointed by Boniface IX. cardinal priest of Sta. Croce in Gerusalemme, bishop of Bologna, and papal legate to England. He was unanimously chosen to succeed Boniface. The election was opposed at Rome by a considerable party, but peace was maintained by the aid of Ladislaus of Naples, in return for which Innocent agreed not to come to terms with the anti pope Benedict XIII., except on condition that he should recognize the claims of Ladislaus to Naples. Innocent issued at the close of 1404 a summons for a general council to heal the schism, but the council never assembled, for the Romans rose in arms to se cure an extension of their liberties, and finally maddened by the murder of some of their leaders by the pope's nephew, Ludovico dei Migliorati, they compelled Innocent to take refuge at Viterbo (Aug. 6, 1405). The Romans, recognizing later the pope's inno cence of the outrage, made their submission to him in Jan. 1406. He returned to Rome in March, and, by bull of Sept. 1, restored the city's decayed university. He died on Nov. 6, 1406, and was succeeded by Gregory XII.
See L. Pastor, History of the Popes, vol. i., trans. by F. I. Antrobus (1899) ; M. Creighton, History of the Papacy, vol. i. (1899) ; N. Valois, La France et le grand schisme d'occident (1896-1902) ; Louis Gayet, Le Grand Schisme d'occident (1898) ; J. Loserth, Geschichte des spateren Mittelalters (1903) ; Theodorici de Nyem, De schismate libri tres, ed. by G. Erler (Leipzig, 189o) ; K. J. von Hefele, Conciliengeschichte , Bd. 6, 2nd ed.; J. von Haller, Papsttum u. Kirchenreform