JAQUES-DALCROZE, EMILE (1865— ), Swiss com poser and teacher of musical eurhythmics (q.v.) was born at Vienna July 6, 1865, of French-Swiss parents. He went to Geneva in 1875 where he attended the college and the university, and fol lowed the courses at the Conservatoire. He then studied (1887) at the Conservatoires of Vienna and Paris and completed his musical education under Delibes. In 1886 he accepted the post of chef d'orchestre at Algiers. Returning to Vienna he studied composition under R. FucJs and A. Bruckner. After the death of Hugo de Senger, he directed the sol-fa and harmony courses at the Conservatoire of Geneva (1891). His numerous works include many charming songs, including Chansons populaires, Chansons du coeur qui vole, Chansons de route, etc. These are written in the simple form of the folk song and have obtained great popu larity, not only in Switzerland, but in other countries. His other musical compositions are very numerous, and include three string quartets, two violin concertos and several orchestral suites; also symphonies and choral works on a large scale, such as La Veillée (1893) and Le Festival Vaudois (1903). Among his other descrip
tive compositions may be mentioned: Le violon maudit (1893), Janie (1893), Sancho Panza (1897), Le poeme alpestre (1896), Le bonhomme jadis (1905), Les jurneaux de Bergamo (1908), Echo et Narcisse (1912) , La fete de Juin (1914), Les premiers souvenirs (1918), La fete de la jeunesse (1923). His great work, however, has lain in the development of the eurhythmic instinct, particularly in children, and since 1915 he has been the director at Geneva of the Institut Jaques-Dalcroze, which he originally founded at Hellerau in Bavaria. His method consists of a develop ment of the instinct for rhythm in close conjunction with the sense of hearing and the instinct for tone, and is based on defined relations between bodily movements and the movements of sound. Special schools based on the Dalcroze method have been founded in London, Paris and elsewhere. The system may be studied in the following works by E. Jaques-Dalcroze: Rhythmic Move ments (1920) ; Rhythm, Music and Education (1921) ; and The Eurhythmics of Jaques-Dalcroze, by various authors (1912).