IVIZA, IBIZA or IvicA, an island in the Mediterranean sea, belonging to Spain, and forming part of the archipelago known as the Balearic islands (q.v.). Pop. (1930) 28,635; area 228 sq.m. Iviza lies so m. S.W. of Majorca and about 6o m. from Cape San Martin on the coast of Spain. Its greatest length from north-east to south-west is about 25 m. and its greatest breadth about 13 m. The hilly parts which culminate in the Pico de Atalayasa (1,560 ft.), are richly wooded. Oil, corn and fruits (of which the most important are the fig, prickly pear, almond and carob-bean) are the principal products; hemp and flax are also grown. Fruit, salt, charcoal, lead and stockings of native manu facture are exported. The imports are rice, flour, sugar, woollen goods and cotton. The capital of the island, and, indeed, the only town of much importance—for the population is remarkably scattered—is Iviza or La Ciudad (7,616), a fortified town on the south-east coast, possessing a good harbour, a 13th-century Gothic collegiate church and an ancient castle. Iviza was the see of a
bishop from 1782 to 1851.
South of Iviza lies the smaller and more irregular island of Formentera (pop., 1920, 2,508; area, 37 sq.m.). With Iviza it agrees both in general appearance and in the character of its products, but it is altogether destitute of streams. Goats and sheep are found in the mountains, and the coasts are greatly fre quented by flamingoes. Iviza and Formentera are the principal islands of the lesser or western Balearic group, formerly known as the Pityusae or Pine islands.