IUTURNA, previously Diuturna, "the lasting," Latin divin ity, a personification of the never-failing springs. Her original home was on the river Numicius near Lavinium, where there was a spring called after her, supposed to possess healing qualities (whence the old Roman derivation from iuvare, "to help"). Her worship was early transferred to Rome, localized by the Lacus Iuturnae near the Temple of Vesta, at which Castor and Pollux, after announcing the victory of Lake Regillus, were said to have washed the sweat from their horses. At the end of the First Punic War, Lutatius Catullus erected a temple in her honour on the Campus Martius, subsequently restored by Augustus. Iuturna was associated with two festivals: the Iuturnalia on Jan. 11, probably a dedication festival of a temple built by Augustus, and celebrated by the college of the fontani, workmen employed in the construction and maintenance of aqueducts and fountains; and the Volcanalia on Aug. 23, at which sacrifice was offered to Volcanus, the nymphs and Iuturna, as protectors against out breaks of fire. In Virgil, Iuturna appears as the sister of Turnus (probably owing to the partial similarity of the names), on whom Jupiter, to console her for the loss of her chastity, bestowed immortality and the control of all the lakes and rivers of Latium. For the statement that she was the wife of Janus and mother of Fontus (or Fons), the god of fountains, Arnobius (Adv. gentes iii. 29) is alone responsible.
IVAN VI. (174o-1764), emperor of Russia, was the son of Prince Antony Ulrich of Brunswick, and the princess Anna Leopoldovna of Mecklenburg, and great-nephew of the empress Anne, who adopted him and declared him her successor on Oct. 5, 174o, when he was only eight weeks old. On the death of Anne (Oct. I7) he was proclaimed emperor, and on the following
day Biren, duke of Courland, was appointed regent. On the fall of Biren (Nov. 8, 1740), the regency passed to the baby tsar's mother, though the government was in the hands of the vice chancellor, Andrei Osterman. A coup d'etat placed the tsarevna Elizabeth on the throne (Dec. 6, 1741), and Ivan and his family were imprisoned in the fortress of Dlinamiinde (Dec. 13, 1742). In June 1744 they were transferred to Kholmogory on the White Sea, where Ivan, seeing nobody but his gaoler, remained for the next twelve years. He was then secretly transferred to the fortress of Schliisselburg (1756), where even the commandant of the fortress was left in ignorance of his identity. In the few weeks' reign of Peter III. his condition was improved, but later instruc tions were given to chain him up. On the accession of Catherine orders were given that the prisoner was not to be delivered alive into any one's hands, even if his deliverers produced the empress's own sign-manual authorizing his release. By this time, twenty years of solitary confinement had disturbed Ivan's mental equi librium, though he does not seem to have been actually insane. A sub-lieutenant of the garrison, Vasily Mirovich, learned his identity, and formed a plan for freeing and proclaiming him emperor. At midnight on July 5, 1764, Mirovich won over some of the garrison, arrested the commandant, Berednikov, and de manded the delivery of Ivan, who there and then was murdered by his gaolers in obedience to their instructions.
See R. Nisbet Bain, The Pupils of Peter the Great (London, 1897) ; M. Semevsky, Ivan VI. Antonovich (Rus.) (St. Petersburg, i866) ; A. Bruckner, The Emperor Ivan VI. and his Family (Rus.) (Moscow, 1874) ; V. A. Bilbasov, Geschichte Catherine II. (vol. U., Berlin, 1891-93).