IVORY BILL or IVORY-BILLED WOODPECKER (Campephihis principalis), the largest North American wood pecker, reaches a length of 20 in. Formerly extending north to Illinois, Indiana and North Carolina, the ivory bill is now very rare everywhere and is almost confined to cypress swamps in a few isolated portions of Florida. The white beak and large size are diagnostic. The plumage is black, with the secondaries and
shorter primaries. white, and a pair of white stripes down the back. The long crest is scarlet in the male, black in the female. The call is "a sharp, penny trumpet-like yap-yap." The heads were used for ornaments by the Indians.