ANTHIM THE IBERIAN, a notable figure in the ecclesi astical history of Rumania. A Georgian by birth, he came to Rumania early in the second half of the 17th century, as a simple monk. He became bishop of Ramnicu in 1705, and in 1708 arch bishop of Wallachia. Taking a leading part in the political move ments of the time, he came into conflict with the newly appointed Greek hospodars, and was exiled to Rumelia. But on his crossing the Danube in 1716 he was thrown into the water and drowned, as it is alleged, at the instigation of the prince of Wallachia. He was a man of great talents and spoke and wrote many Oriental and European languages. He acquired a thorough knowledge of Rumanian, and helped to introduce that language into the church as its official language.
He was a master printer and an artist of the first order. He cut the wood-blocks for the books which he printed in Tirgo vishtea, Ramnicu, Snagov and Bucharest. He was also the first to introduce Oriental founts of type into Rumania, and he printed there the first Arabic missal for the Christians of the East (Ram nicu, 1702). He also trained Georgians in the art of printing, and cut the type with which under his pupil Mihail Ishtvanovitch they printed the first Georgian Gospels (Tiflis, 1709). Some of his pastoral letters are models of style and of language as well as of exact and beautiful printing. He also completed a whole corpus of lectionaries, missals, gospels, etc.
See M. Gaster, Chrestomathie roumaine (18S1), and "Gesch. d. rumanischen. Litteratur," in Groeber, Grundriss d. rom. Philologie, vol. ii. (1899) ; and E. Picot, Notice sur Anthim d'Ivir (Paris, i886).