ANTIGONUS CYCLOPS or MONOPHTHALMOS B.e.) so called from his having lost an eye—Macedonian king, son of Philip, was one of the generals of Alexander the Great. He was made governor of Greater Phrygia in 333, and in the division of the provinces after Alexander's death (3 23) Pamphylia and Lycia were added to his command. He incurred the enmity of Perdiccas, the regent, by refusing to assist Eumenes (q.v.) to obtain possession of the provinces allotted to him. In danger of his life he escaped to Greece where he obtained the favour of Anti pater (q.v.), regent of Macedonia (321) ; and when, soon after, on the death of Perdiccas a new division took place, he was en trusted with the command of the war against Eumenes, who had joined Perdiccas against the coalition of Antipater, Antigonus, and the other generals. Eumenes was completely defeated, and a new army that was marching to his relief was routed by Antigonus. Polyperchon succeeding Antipater (d. 319) in the regency, to the exclusion of Cassander, his son, Antigonus resolved to set himself up as lord of all Asia, and, in conjunction with Cassander and Ptolemy of Egypt, refused to recognize Polyperchon. He entered into negotiations with Eumenes, but Eumenes remained faithful to the royal house and formed a coalition with the satraps of the eastern provinces. He was at last, through treachery, delivered up to Antigonus in Persia and put to death (316). Antigonus again claimed authority over the whole of Asia, seized the treasures at Susa, and entered Babylonia, of which Seleucus was governor. Seleucus fled to Ptolemy and entered into a league with him (315), together with Lysimachus and Cassander. After the war had been carried on with varying success from 315 to 311, peace was con cluded, by which the government of Asia Minor and Syria was provisionally secured to Antigonus. This agreement was soon violated on the pretext that garrisons had been placed in some of the free Greek cities by Antigonus, and Ptolemy and Cassander renewed hostilities against him. Demetrius Poliorcetes, the son of Antigonus, wrested part of Greece from Cassander in 3o6 and defeated Ptolemy in a naval engagement off Salamis, in Cyprus. On this victory Antigonus assumed the title of king and bestowed a similar title on his son, a declaration that he claimed to be the heir of Alexander. Antigonus now prepared a large army and a formid able fleet, the command of which he gave to Demetrius, and hast ened to attack Ptolemy in his own dominions. His invasion of Egypt, however, proved a failure and he had to retire. Demetrius then attempted the reduction of Rhodes, which had refused to assist Antigonus against Egypt ; but, meeting with obstinate re sistance, he had to make a treaty upon the best terms that he could (304). In 302, although Demetrius was again winning success after success in Greece, Antigonus was obliged to recall him to meet the confederacy that had been formed between Cassander, Seleucus, and Lysimachus. A decisive battle was fought at Ipsus, in which Antigonus fell, in the 81st year of his age.
Diodorus Siculus xviii., xx. 46-86 ; Plutarch, Demetrius, Eumenes; Nepos, Eumenes; Justin xv. 1-4. See MACEDONIAN EMPIRE ; and Koh ler, "Das Reich des Antigonos," in the Sitzungsberichte d. Berl. Akad. 1898, p. 835 ; Cambridge Ancient History, vol. vi. ch. xv., and the bibliography there given.