APICIUS, the name of three celebrated Roman epicures. The second of these, M. Gavius Apicius, who lived under Tiberius (Seneca, Consol. ad Helviam, 1o), invented various cakes and sauces, and is said to have written on cookery. The extant De Re Coquinaria (edited by Schuch, 1874), a collection of receipts, ascribed to Caelius Apicius, is founded on Greek originals, and belongs to the 3rd century A.D. It is probable that the real title was Caelii Apicius, Apicius being the name of the work (cf. Taciti Agricola), and De Re Coquinaria, a sub-title.