APOLLONIUS OF TY ANA, a Greek philosopher of the Neo-Pythagorean school, born a few years before the Christian era. He studied at Tarsus and in the temple of As clepius at Aegae, where he de voted himself to the doctrines of Pythagoras and adopted the ascetic habit of life. He travelled through Asia and visited Nine veh, Babylon and India, imbibing oriental mysticism. The narrative of his travels given by his dis ciple Damis and reproduced by Philostratus is so full of the mirac his return to Europe Ile was received with reverence as a magician. He himself claimed only the power of foreseeing the future ; yet in Rome it was said that he raised from death the body of a noble lady. In the halo of his mysterious power he passed through Greece, Italy and Spain. It was said that he was accused of treason both by Nero and by Domitian, but escaped by miraculous means. Finally he set up a school at Ephesus, where he died, apparently aged 1 oo. The work of Philostratus is generally regarded as a religious work of fiction.
See F. C. Baur, Apollonius von Tyana and Christus, ed. Ed. Zeller (Leipzig, 1876—an attempt to show that Philostratus's story is merely a pagan counterblast to the New Testament history) ; J. Jessen, Apollonius v. Tyana and sein Biograph Philostratos (Hamburg, 1885) ; D. M. Tredwell, Sketch of the Life of Apollonius of Tyana (New York, 1886) ; J. Gottsching, Apollonius von Tyana (5889) ; B. L. Gildersleeve, Essays and Studies (New York, 189o) ; J. A. Froude, Short Studies, vol. iv. ; G. R. S. Mead, Apollonius of Tyana (19o1) ; Philostratus's Life of Apollonius (Eng. trans. New York, 19o5) ; M. Wundt, Apollonius von Tyana—Prophetic and Mythenbildung (1906) ; 0. de B. Priaulx, The Indian Travels of Apollonius (1873) ; F. W. G. Campbell, Apollonius of Tyana (1908). Translations by J. S. Phillimore (1912) and F. C. Conybeare (1912) (Loeb series) . See also NEO-PYTHAGOREANISM.