ARBROATH or ABERBROTHOCK, royal, municipal, and police burgh and seaport, Forfarshire (Angus), Scotland, at the mouth of Brothock water, 17m. N.E. of Dundee by the L.N.E.R. Pop. (I 93I) 17,637. The town is under provost, bailies, and council, and, with Brechin, Forfar, Bervie, and Montrose, returns one member to parliament. It makes sailcloth, canvas, and coarse linens, boots and shoes, spins flax, tans, bleaches, works in iron, builds ships, and has fisheries. The harbour, originally constructed and maintained by the abbots, by an agreement between the bur gesses and John Gedy the abbot in 1394, was enlarged in 1725 and 1844 and the old part made into a wet dock (18 7 7) when the entrance to the new harbour was deepened. A signal tower, soft. high, communicates with the Bell Rock (q.v.) lighthouse on the Inchcape Rock, 12m. S.E. The parish church dates from 157o, but has been much altered, and the spire was added in 1831. Hospitalfield, 1m. E., once the abbey hospice, and the "Monks barn" of Scott's Antiquary, is now an art school with a collection of Scottish art. The ruins of the abbey, once one of the richest in Scotland, stand in High street. It was founded by William the Lion in 1178 for Tironensian Benedictines from Kelso, and con secrated in 1197, being dedicated to St. Thomas Becket, whom the king had met at the English court. It was William's only personal foundation, and he was buried within its precincts in 1214. Its style is mainly Early English, the western gable Nor man. The cruciform church measured 2 76f t. long by i6oft. wide. Here parliament met on April 6th, 132o to send the pope the notable letter, asserting the independence of their country and reciting in eloquent terms the services which their "lord and sovereign" Robert Bruce had rendered to Scotland. Arbroath was created a royal burgh in 1186, and its charter of 1599 is preserved. King John exempted it from "toll and custom" in every part of England excepting London. Arbroath is "Fairport" of Scott's Antiquary. Auchmithie, 3m. N.E. ("Musselcrag" of the same romance), is an old-fashioned fishing village in pic turesque coast scenery. At the 14th-century church of St. Vigeans, 1 m. N. of Arbroath, stands one of the most interesting of the sculptured stones of Scotland, thought to be the only legible Pictish inscription. The parish—originally called Aberbrothock and now incorporated with Arbroath for administrative purposes —takes its name from a saint or hermit whose chapel was situated at Grange of Conon, 31m. N.W. Two miles west by south are the stone quarries of Carmyllie.