ARCHITECTURE; CHINESE ARCHITECTURE; JAPANESE ARCHI TECTURE.) Unlike the other arts, architecture rose from a primary require ment of human life—the need for shelter. In the earliest days, the cave, the hut and the tent may have sheltered people devoted to hunting and fishing, to agriculture, to pastoral and nomadic lives. Architecture originated in more permanent dwellings in which wood was used less and less, and in which bricks, made of sun-dried alluvial clay as in the early work in Chaldaea and Egypt, became the basis of construction for walls that supported trunks of palm trees as lintels for doorheads and roofs. Some of the earliest rock-hewn tombs at Giza reproduce old wooden forms in stone, and so record the construction of periods whose buildings have long since disappeared (see ARCHAEOLOGY). The sun-dried bricks could not resist much pressure and required walls of great thickness with a batter, or raking side, which is even employed in the present-day huts of the fellahs.