ARTHUR, British king, and subject of the romance cycle, described below, s.v. Arthurian Legend. Our sources for the historical Arthur are the Historia Britonum of Nennius, the Annales Cambriae, and the Gesta Regum of William of Malmes bury. In Caradoc of Llancarfan and in Geoffrey of Monmouth the myth is already developed. Nennius (fl. Q96) represents Arthur as a Christian warrior leading the kings of Britain against the Saxon kings of Kent. He enumerates 12 battles, of which the eighth battle was on the castle Guinnon, "wherein Arthur bore the image of St. Mary the ever-virgin upon his shoulder, and the pagans were turned to flight. . . . The twelfth battle was on the Mount of Badon, wherein fell 96o men in one day at a single onset of Arthur; and no one overthrew them but he alone, and in all the battles he came out victorious." There is no other record of the 12 battles, but Gildas (q.v.), writing in without speaking of Arthur, mentions the battle of Mount Badon as taking place on the day of his birth, which would be c. 516. We may conclude, then, that Arthur was born about the end of the 5th century, and that he was the general of royal armies fighting in South Britain. The compiler of the Annales Cambriae (written shortly after 956), and William of Malmes bury in his Gesta Regum (completed 1125), also connect Arthur with the battle of Mount Badon, the former adding that he fell with Medraut (Mordred) at the battle of Camlan (537). Wil liam further objects to the fables growing up around his name and shows that it had already been connected with Walwen or Gawain. (The famous Round Table appears as early as the Geste des Bretons [1155] of Maistre Wace.) Geoffrey of Mon mouth, whose Historia Britonum, written in 1147, was one of the chief sources for later biographies, definitely introduces the mythical element by relating, among other events, the crowning of Arthur and his conquests abroad. Caradoc of Llancarf an, in his Vita Gildae (before I156), has similar elaborations in his description of the quarrel between Arthur and Hueil, the brother of Gildas, and in his account of Arthur as the benefactor of Glastonbury. Glastonbury, as the hero's resting-place, is first mentioned by Giraldus Cambrensis in the first book of his De Principis Instruction (c. 1195), and the discovery of Arthur's body is first dated as 1191 by Ralph of Coggeshall in his Chroni con See W. Lewis Jones, King Arthur in History and Legend (1911) ; E. .K. Chambers, Arthur of Britain (1927), and Camb. Hist. of Eng. Lit., vol. i.