BADEN or (to distinguish it from other places of the name), fashionable watering-place, Germany, in the Land of Baden, 23m. S. by W. of Karlsruhe. Situated 600ft. high in the Black forest, the surroundings are laid out in gardens and pleasure-grounds which attract numerous visitors. Resident population , 30,082. The springs of Baden were known to the Romans. The name Aurelia Aquensis was given to it in hon our of Aurelius Severus. In 1847 remains of Roman vapour baths were discovered just below the New Castle. The margraves re sided at Baden from the 14th to the 17th centuries, first in the Old Castle, the ruins of which exist above the town, but after 1479 in the New Castle, situated nearer the town, and remarkable for its subterranean dungeons. During the Thirty Years' War Baden suffered severely. Since the early 19th century the Gov ernment has greatly fostered the growth of the town. The 29 hot springs, varying from 115° to 153°F, flow from the castle rock at the rate of 90 gallons per minute, and the water supplies the various baths. There are two chief bathing-establishments. The town proper is on the right bank of the Oos, but the principal resorts of visitors are on the left. The parish church, which dates from the 15th century, contains the tombs of several of the mar graves.