BAGUIO, a city (besides Manila, the only incorporated city in the Philippine Islands) and capital of Benguet province, in the island of Luzon. Pop. (1918), 5,464, of whom 3,333 were males and 192 whites. Camp John Hay, a U.S. military encampment, had a population in 1918 of 1,486, of whom 934 were males. Filipinos and Americans form most of the population, and the natives in and about the city belong to the Igorot race. The city (chartered in 1909) was for a number of years the summer capital, but owing to the hostility of the Filipinos, it lost this character and is now mainly a summer resort. Notwithstanding its heavy rainfall (annual mean 181 in.) the climate is cool (frost has often been recorded) and healthful and many cottages and more pretentious houses have been built. The city has an area of over 3o sq.m. and is located in the mountains at an elevation of 4,500 to 5,500 feet. It lies about 160m. N. of Manila and is reached by railway to a point beyond Dagupan and thence by either one of two automobile roads—the famous Baguio road and the Naguilian trail or road. On the way up from the lowlands, the vegetation gradually changes from pure tropical to a mixed tropical and temperate, and Baguio and its region are noted for the beautiful pines that abound. Telephones, electric lights, a water works, sewage system and ice plant have been installed. The city is governed by a mayor, who is assisted by a council of five (including the mayor, two appointive and two elective members). There is also an advisory council of five members composed of Igorots, the general function of which is to advise the city council on matters of general interest to the non-Chris tians of the city. Spaniards probably visited the site first about 1829, but comparatively little development took place until after American occupation of the archipelago. In 1904, it was laid out by the American, D. H. Burnham. In 1908, the Bureau of Edu cation began holding its annual teachers' encampment on one of the many hills. Many points of great natural beauty abound within and nearby Baguio.