BACKHUYSEN or BAKHUISEN, LUDOLF (1631-1708), Dutch painter, was born on Dec. 18 1631, at Emden, Hanover, and died at Amsterdam on Nov. 17 1708. He studied under Allart van Everdingen and Hendrik Dubbels, and soon became celebrated for his sea-pieces. His numerous compositions are nearly all variations of one subject, and in a style peculiarly his own, marked by intense realism. In his later years Backhuysen employed his time in etching and calligraphy.