BADEN-POWELL, ROBERT STEPHENSON SMYTH BADEN POWELL, 1st Baron (1857– ), born in London, Feb. 22, 1857, sixth son of Professor Baden-Powell of Oxford. He was educated at Charterhouse, and in 1876 joined the 13th Hussars regiment, with which he served in India, Afghanistan, and South Africa. In 1895 he was appointed to command the native levies in Ashanti, and was chief staff officer in the campaign of 1896-97 in Mata beleland. After his famous defence of Mafeking (1899-190o) Baden-Powell was promoted major-general, becoming lieutenant general in 1908. He organized the South African constabulary (1900-03) and in 1908 founded the organization of Boy Scouts (q.v.), which led, in 1910, to his founding the Girl Guides (q.v.) with the co-operation of his sister, Miss Agnes Baden-Powell, movements which have spread in most civilized countries. He retired from the army in 1910. He received the K.C.B., the G.C.V.O. ; in 1922 a baronetcy was conferred on him, and in 1929 he was raised to the peerage. In 1937 he was awarded the O.M. His published works include The Matabele Campaign (1896) ; Quick Training for War (1914) ; My Adventures as a Spy (1915); Pigsticking (rev. ed. 1924) ; and many books for scouts. A man with many inter ests, he exhibited sculptures at the Royal Academy exhibition of 1907. See J. S. Fletcher, Baden-Powell of Mafeking (n9oo) ; R. J. Bremner Smith, Col. R. S. S. Baden-Powell (19oo) ; W. F. Aitken, The Chief Scout, Sir Robert Baden-Powell 0912).