BANDELIER, ADOLPH FRANCIS ALPHONSE (184o-1914), American archaeologist, was born in Bern, Switzer land, on Aug. 6, 1840. When a youth he emigrated to the United States. After 188o he devoted himself to archaeological and ethnological work among the Indians of the south-western United States, Mexico and South America. He studied in Sonora (Mexico), Arizona and New Mexico, and became one of the leading authorities on the prehistoric civilization of this region. In 1892 he abandoned this field for Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru, where he continued ethnological, archaeological and historical investigations. Bandelier showed the falsity of various historical myths, notably in his conclusions respecting the Inca civilization of Peru.
His publications include three studies "On the Art of War and Mode of Warfare of the Ancient Mexicans," "On the Distribution and Tenure of Lands and the Customs with respect to Inheritance among the Ancient Mexicans" and "On the Social Organization and Mode of Government of the Ancient Mexicans" (Harvard university, Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Eth nology, Annual Reports, 1877, 1878, 1879) ; Historical Introduc tion to Studies among the Sedentary Indians of New Mexico, and Report on the Ruins of tile Pueblo of Pecos (1881) ; Final Report of Investigations among the Indians of the South-western United States (189o-92) ; Contributions to the History of the South-western Portion of the United States carried on mainly in the years f rona 188o to 1885 (189o)—all these in the Papers of the Archaeological Institute of America, American series, con stituting vols. i.–v.; The Gilded Man (El Dorado) and other pictures of the Spanish Occupancy of America (1893). He also edited The Journey of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca . . . from Florida to the Pacific, 1528-1S36 (19o5), translated into English by his wife. He died in Madrid on March 19, 1914. His last pub lished works were The Islands of Titicaca and Koati (191o) and The Ruins of Tiahuanaco (1912).
See C. F. Loomis, Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier (1914) ; also Waterman, Bandelier's Contribution to the Study of Ancient Mexican Social Organization (1917) .