BARYATINSKY, ALEXANDER IVANOVICH, PRINCE (1814-1879), Russian soldier and governor of the Cau casus, entered the army in 1833. In 1835 he served with great gallantry in the Caucasus, and on his return to St. Petersburg was rewarded with a gold sword "for valour." In 1845 he was again ordered to the Caucasus and most brilliantly distinguished himself, especially in the attack on Shamyl's stronghold. In 1846 he assisted Field Marshal Paskievich to suppress the Cracow rising. From 1848 to 1856 he took a leading part in all the chief military events in the Caucasus, his most notable exploits being his victory at Mezeninsk in 185o and his operations against Shamyl at Chechen. His energetic and at the same time sys tematic tactics inaugurated a new era of mountain warfare. In 1853 he became chief of the staff. In 1854 he took part in the brilliant Kiiriik Dere campaign. On Jan. 1, 1856, he became commander-in-chief of the Caucasian army, and, subsequently, governor of the Caucasus. Within three years of his appoint ment, the whole of the eastern Caucasus was subdued, and the elusive Shamyl was captured. Baryatinsky also conquered many of the tribes of the western Caucasus dwelling between the rivers Laba and Byelaya. For these fresh services he was created a field marshal, but on Dec. 6, 1862, he was, at his own request, relieved of his post, and he spent the last years of his life abroad. See A. L. Zisserman, Field Marshal Prince A. I. Baryatinski (Russ.) (Moscow, 1888-91) .