BAMBERG, a town and archiepiscopal see of Germany, in the Land of Bavaria. Pop. It lies on an open plain on the river Regnitz, 2m. above its junction with the Main, and 39m. north of Nurnberg. Bamberg, first mentioned in 902, grew up by the castle (Babenberch) which gave its name to the Babenberg family (q.v.). On their extinction it passed to the Saxon house, and in 1007 the emperor Henry II. founded the see. From the middle of the 13th century onward the bishops were princes of the empire. The see was secularized in 1802 and in 1803 assigned to Bavaria. The cathedral, a late Romanesque building with four imposing towers, founded in Ioo4 by the em peror Henry II., was later partially burnt, and rebuilt in the 13th century. It contains the magnificent marble tomb of the founder and his wife, the empress Cunigunde, the work of Riemenschneider (c. Other noteworthy churches are the Jakobskirche, an I I th-century Romanesque basilica ; St. Martinskirche ; and Mari enkirche (132o-87). The Michaelskirche, 12th-century Roman esque (restored) on the Michaelsberg, was formerly the church of a Benedictine monastery secularized in 1803. The most inter esting bridge leading to the lower town is the Obere Brucke , in the middle of which, on an artificial island, is the Rathaus (rebuilt 1744-56). The picturesque Old Palace (Alte Resident) was built in 1591 on the site of an old residence of the counts of Babenberg. The New Palace (1698-1704) was formerly occupied by the prince-bishops. The schools include the lyceum for philosophy and Catholic theology (a survival of the university suppressed in 1803) , which had 7o students in 1925. The indus tries of the town include cotton spinning and weaving, silk spin ning, the manufacture of shoes, calico and ropes. The market gardens of the neighbourhood are famous, and there is a consider able shipping trade by the river and the Ludwigskanal.