BARNAUL, a town in the Siberian area of the Russian Re public, on the railway from Novo-Sibirsk to Semipalatinsk, at the junction of the river Barnaulka and the river Ob. Lat. 53° 23' N., long. 83° 4o' E., alt. 48oft. Pop. (1933) 109, 20o, an increase of in 33 years. Av. rainfall p.a. buns., with a maximum in July and August. Av. temp. Jan. — 2 2 ° F, July 67.1 ° F. A. Demi dov, to whom there is a monument, founded the city in 173o. Barnaul is the administrative centre of the Altai mining district : the first Russian mine was opened at Kolyvan in 1727, and the second at Barnaul in 1739. The Altai mines produce coal, gold and iron (especially in the Kuznetsk area) and silver, copper, lead and zinc in the Altai proper. The town is also an agricultural centre and has a storage plant for Siberian butter and eggs : it exports wax and honey from the numerous bee-keeping centres and has a goods exchange. Barnaul, with its navigable river (the Ob) and its railway, is a collecting point for the wheat, oats, bar ley, buckwheat and potatoes grown in the province, and for cattle, sheep, goats and swine. It has smelting, glass-making, bell founding and other manufactures. In 1841 a meteorological ob servatory was established; there are also a mining school, and geological and zoological museums. Many of the Russian in habitants are descendants of religious and political exiles.