BATTLE CREEK, a city of Calhoun county, Michigan, U.S.A., 115m. west of Detroit, at the confluence of Battle Creek with the Kalamazoo river. It is on Federal highway 12 ; is served by the Michigan Central, the Grand Trunk, and the Michigan (electric) railways; and has a municipal airport just outside the city limits. The population was 18,563 in 'goo; 36,164 in 1920, of whom 3,378 were foreign-born white, and 1,055 were negroes; and was 43,573 in The Battle Creek sanatorium, housing 1,200 patients, reorgan ized in 1876 by Dr. J. H. Kellogg, was a pioneer in dietetic and hygienic treatment, and is a health resort of international re nown. It has also influenced the industrial development. The city's leading products are prepared cereal foods and beverages, which go to all parts of the world; and its other manufactures include cartons to hold these products; machines to line, fill, seal, and wrap the cartons; electric-light bath cabinets, oxy gentherapy and hydrotherapy apparatus, therapeutic lamps, vi bratory chairs, massage tables, trusses and other appliances, farm implements, steam pumps and gas stoves. The output of the 108 establishments within the city limits in 1927 was valued at Battle Creek college was formed in 1923 on the foundation of three schools conducted by the sanatorium : the nurses' training school, founded in 1880; the school of home economics; and the Kellogg school of physical education. Its equipment includes a summer camp on an island in Gull lake and a biological preserve of 113 acres.
Battle Creek is the trade centre for a rich farming region. The assessed valuation of property in 1927 was $63,700,000. Within 15m. are 20 lakes and numerous streams providing good fishing. There are three golf courses, one of them owned by the city. The site of the city was an Indian camping ground and the scene of many early conflicts, to which it owes its name. It was settled in 1831, incorporated as a village in 185o, and chartered as a city in 18S9. It has a commission form of government.