BAUTZEN, capital of the eastern division of the Land of Saxony, Germany. Pop. (189o) 21,515; (1933) It lies on the right bank of the Spree, not far from its source, 68oft.
above sea and 32m. E.N.E. of Dresden. The settlement dates from before the conquest of Lusatia by Henry the Fowler in 928. It became a town and fortress under Otto I., his successor, and the pilgrimages made to the "arm of St. Peter," preserved in one of the churches, caused its growth. It suffered during the Hussite and Thirty Years' Wars, and was burned in 1634. In the f ollow ing year, at the Peace of Prague, it passed with Lusatia to Saxony as a war indemnity. The cathedral of St. Peter (15th century), with a tower 3oof t. in height, has been used by both Protestants and Roman Catholics since 1635, an iron screen separating the two portions. Bautzen has a famous grammar school (gym nasium). Metal working (notably in aluminium) is carried on, and the general manufactures include wagons, woollen goods (stockings and cloth), linen and cotton goods, leather and paper.