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Belgae

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BELGAE, a Celtic people first mentioned by Caesar, who states that they formed the third part of Gaul, and were sepa rated from the Celtae by the Sequana (Seine) and Matrona (Marne). On the east and north their boundary was the lower Rhine, on the west the ocean. Caesar's statement (B.C. i. I) that the Belgae differed from the Celtae in language, institutions and laws, is too sweeping, at least as regards language, for many words and names are common to both. Only the eastern districts would have been affected by invaders from over the Rhine, the chief seat of the Belgae proper being in the west. T. R. Holmes comes to the conclusion that "when the Roman delegates told Caesar (Bell. Gall. ii. 4) that the Belgae were descended from the Germans, they probably meant that the ancestors of the Belgic conquerors had formerly dwelt in Germany, and this is equally true of the Celtae ; but it is quite possible that in the veins of some of the Belgae flowed the blood of genuine Ger man forefathers." W. Ridgeway (Early Age of Greece, Igo') considers that the Belgic tribes were Cimbri, "who had moved directly across the Rhine into north-eastern Gaul." The Belgae had made their way over to Britain in Caesar's time, and settled in some of the southern counties. Among their towns were Mag nus Portus (Portsmouth) and Venta Belgarum (Winchester).

In

57 B.C., after the defeat of Ariovistus, the Belgae formed a coalition against Caesar, and in 52 took part in the general rising under Vercingetorix. After their final subjugation, Caesar combined the territory of the Belgae, Celtae and Aquitani into a single province (Gallia Comata). Augustus, however, finding it too unwieldy, again divided it into three provinces, one of which was Belgica, bounded on the west by the Seine and the Arar (Saone) ; on the north by the North Sea; on the east by the Rhine from its mouth to the Lacus Brigantinus (Lake Con stance). Its southernmost district embraced the west of Swit zerland. The capital and residence of the governor of the prov ince was Durocortorum Remorum (Reims).

BIBLIOGRAPHY.-T. R.

Holmes, Caesar's Conquest of Gaul 0899) ; Bibliography.-T. R. Holmes, Caesar's Conquest of Gaul 0899) ; M. Ihm in Pauly-Wissowa's Realencyklopadie, iii. pt. i (1897) ; J. Jung, "Geographie von Italien and dem Orbis romanus" (and ed., 1897), in I. Muller's Handbuch der klassichen Altertumswissenschaft.

caesar, rhine and west