BIBULUS, a surname of the Roman gens Calpurnia. The best known of those who bore it was Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus the persistent enemy of Caesar, with whom he was consul, 59 B.C. He was the candidate of the aristocratic party and his election was secured by bribery (Suetonius, Caesar, 9). He made an attempt to oppose the agrarian law introduced by Caesar but was overpowered. He then shut himself up in his own house during the remaining eight months of his consulship, taking no part in public business beyond issuing edicts against Caesar's proceed ings. When the relations of Caesar and Pompey became strained, Bibulus supported Pompey (Plutarch, Cato Minor, 41) and joined in proposing his election as sole consul (52 B.c.). Next year he went to Syria as proconsul. In 49 Pompey gave him command of his fleet in the Ionian Sea, but he proved unsuccessful and died soon afterwards (48) of fatigue and mortification (Caesar, Bell. Civ., 5-18; Dio. Cassius, xli. 48). His youngest son, Lucius Calpurnius Bibulus, surrendered to Antony soon after the battle of Philippi and was by him appointed to the command of his fleet. He died (about 32) while governor of Syria. He wrote a short memoir of his step-father Brutus, which was used by Plu tarch (Appian, B.C., iv. 136; Plutarch, Brutus, 13, 23).