BANTIN, BISON, BUFFALO, GAUR, GAYAL, Ox and YAK.) The second group, or Caprinae, includes the sheep and goats, which are smaller animals than most of the Bovidae, generally with horns in both sexes, but those of the females small. In the males the horns are usually compressed and triangular with trans verse ridges or knobs, and either curving backwards or spiral. The muzzle is narrow and hairy; and when face-glands are present these are small and insignificant ; while the tail is short and flattened. Unlike the Bovinae, there are frequently glands in the feet ; and the upper molar teeth differ from those of that group in their narrower crowns, which lack a distinct inner column. When a face-pit is present in the skull it is small. The genera are Ovis (sheep), Capra (goats) and Hemitragus (tahr). Sheep and goats are very nearly related, but the former never have a beard on the chin of the males, which are devoid of a strong odour; and their horns are typically of a different type. There are, how ever, several more or less transitional forms. Tahr are short horned goats. The group is unknown in America, and in Africa is only represented in the mountains of the north, extending, how ever, some distance south into the Sudan and Abyssinia. All the species are mountain-dwellers. (See UDAD, ARGALI, GOAT, IBEx, MOUFLON, SHEEP and TAHR.) The musk-ox (q.v.) alone represents the Ovibovinae, probably most nearly related to the next group.
Next come the Rupicaprinae, which include several genera of mountain-dwelling ruminants, typified by the European chamois (Rupicapra) ; the other genera being the Asiatic serow, goral and takin, and the North American Rocky mountain goat. These ruminants are best described as goat-like antelopes. (See ANTE