BOULANGER, the name of several French artists : JEAN (16o6-6o), a pupil of Guido Reni at Bologna, who had an academy at Modena ; his cousin JEAN (1607-80), a celebrated line-engraver; the latter's son MATTHIEU, another engraver; Louis (1807-67), a subject-painter, the friend of Victor Hugo and director of the imperial school of art at Dijon; the best-known, GUSTAVE RODOLPHE CLARENCE (1824-88), a pupil of Paul Delaroche, a notable painter of oriental and Greek and Roman subjects, and a member of the Institut de France (1882), who decorated the Foyer de la Danse of the Paris Opera with terpsichorean subjects; and CLIMENT (1805-42), a pupil of Ingres (q.v.).