BRAHMAGUPTA (588—c.660), Indian mathematician and astronomer, set forth the astronomical system of Brahma in verse form, the in which two chapters are devoted to mathematics, including an arithmetical progression, a quadratic equation, and proofs of various geometrical theorems on the right-angled triangle, on areas of triangles and quadri laterals, and on surfaces and volumes. These two chapters were translated into English by H. T. Colebrooke in his Algebra, with Arithmetic and Mensuration, from the Sanskrit of Bramegupta and Bhdscara, preceded by a dissertation on the state of science as known to the Hindus (1870.