BERGMANN, ERNST VON a German surgeon of Russian birth, was born at Riga on Dec. 16, 1836, and educated at Dorpat, where he was professor of surgery from 1871 to 1878. In 1878 he removed to the University of Wiirz burg, and in 1882 succeeded Langenbeck at Berlin. He had seen army service in the Prussian army in 1866 and 1870-71, and in the Russian army in 1877-78, and was one of the greatest surgeons of his time. In 1886 he introduced steam sterilization and in 1891 began to use aseptic methods. His principal contributions are in cranial surgery, on which his work Die chirurgische Behandlung der Hirnkrankheiten (1888 ; 3rd ed. 1899) is a classic.