BARNARD, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS PORTER (1809-1889), American scientist and educator, was born in Shef field (Mass.); on May 5, 1809. In 1828 he graduated at Yale. He was then in turn a tutor at Yale, a teacher (1831-32) in the American asylum for the deaf and dumb, Hartford (Conn.), and a teacher (1832-38) in the New York Institute for the Instruc tion of the Deaf and Dumb. From 1838 to 1848 he was professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, and from 1848-54 was professor of chemistry and natural history in the University of Alabama, also filling for two years the chair of English literature. In 1854 he was ordained as deacon in the Protestant Episcopal Church. In the same year he became professor of mathematics and natural philosophy in the University of Mississippi, of which institution he was chancellor from 1856 until the outbreak of the Civil War, when, his sympathies being with the North, he resigned and went to Washington. There for some time he was in charge of the map and chart department of the U.S. coast survey. In 1864 he became the tenth president of Columbia college (now Columbia university) in New York city, which position he held until the year before his death, his service thus being longer than that of any of his predecessors. During this period the growth of the college was rapid; new departments were established; the elective system was greatly extended ; more adequate provision was made for graduate study and original research, and the enrol ment was increased from about 150 to more than i,000 students. Barnard strove to have educational privileges extended by the university to women as well as to men, and Barnard college, for women (see COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY) , established immediately after his death, was named in his honour. He died in New York city on April 27, 1889. Barnard was a versatile man, of catholic training, a classical and English scholar, a mathematician, a physicist and a chemist, a good public speaker, and a vigorous but somewhat prolix writer on various subjects, his annual reports to the board of trustees of Columbia being particularly valuable as discussions of educational problems. Barnard was the editor-in chief in 1872 of Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia. He published a Treatise on Arithmetic (1830) ; an Analytical Grammar with Symbolic Illustrations (1836) ; Letters on College Government (1855) ; History of American Coast Survey (185 7) ; Recent Prog ress of Science (1869) ; and Metric System of Weights and Measures (1871 ) .
For biography see John Fulton's Memoirs of Frederick A. P. Barnard (1896) ; "Frederick A. P. Barnard," Science, new series, vol. x. (1899) ; and "Frederick A. P. Barnard," A History of the First Half-century of the National Academy of Sciences,