BERNHARDI, FRIEDRICH VON (1849-193o), Ger man soldier and writer, was born in St. Petersburg, Nov. 22, 1849, the son of the diplomat, Theodor von Bernhardi (1802-1887), and he entered the German army in time to take part in the Franco-Prussian War. From 1891 to 1894 he was German military attache at Berne, and later he took charge of the military history department of the General Staff in Berlin. In 1907 he was given command of the VII. Army Corps, but he retired in 1909 and turned his whole attention to writing on military subjects. Follow ing Treitschke, Bernhardi held that war must come, that Germany must conquer or fall and that she is entitled therefore to secure victory at any cost. His gospel of force, thus proclaimed out side his own country, was a factor (possibly exaggerated at the time) in creating a belief that Germany was in an ag gressive mood. His chief book was Deutschland and der nachste Krieg (1912), the translation of which into English caused a great sensation. In 1915 he served on the eastern front, but in 1918 received a command in the west, and took part in the battle of Armentieres. After the World War, in 1921, he published Deutschlands Heldenkamp f 1914-18.