BLANDRATA or BIANDRATA, GIORGIO (c. 1588), Italian physician and polemic, was born at Saluzzo. He studied at Montpellier in 1533, and specialized in the functional and nervous disorders of women. He attended the English wife (Jane Stafford) of Count Celso Massimiliano Martinengo, preacher of the Italian church at Geneva, and fostered anti trinitarian opinions in that church. In 1558 he found it expedient to remove to Poland, where he became a leader of the heretical party at the synods of Pinczow (1558) and Ksionzh (156o and 1562). His point was the suppression of extremes of opinion, on the basis of a confession literally drawn from Scripture. He obtained the position of court physician to the queen dowager, the Milanese Bona Sforza. In 1563 Blandrata transferred his services to the Transylvanian court. He revisited Poland (1576) in the train of Stephen Bathory, whose tolerance permitted the propagation of heresies; and when (1579) Christopher Bathory introduced the Jesuits into Transylvania, Blandrata found means of conciliating them. In Transylvania, Blandrata co-operated with Francis David (d. 1579), the anti-trinitarian bishop, but in 1578 two circumstances broke the connection. Blandrata was charged with "Italian vice." David renounced the worship of Christ. To influence David, Blandrata sent for Faustus Socinus from Basle. Socinus was David's guest, but the discussion between them led to no result. At the instance of Blaridrata, David was tried and condemned to prison at Deva (in which he died) on the charge of innovation. Having amassed a fortune, Blandrata returned to the communion of Rome. His end is obscure. According to the Jesuit, Jacob Wujek, he was strangled by a nephew (Giorgio, son of Al phonso) in May 1588. He published polemical writings, some in conjunction with David.
See Malacarne Commentario delle Opere e delle Vicende di G. Biandrata (Padova, 1814) ; Wallace Anti-trinitarian Biography, vol. ii. (185o). (A. Go.) SIR JOHN (1855-1936), British sur geon, was born at Enfield Highway, Middlesex, in 1855. He studied medicine and surgery at Middlesex hospital from 1878 onwards, and from 1881-86 made systematic examinations of animals dying in the gardens of the Zoological Society, London. This work formed the substance of a series of lectures delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons 1886-91. He subsequently carried out much valuable work on hysterectomy and the diseases of women. He was president of the Medical Society of London in 1914, of the Royal Society of Medicine 1921-22, of the Royal Col lege of Surgeons in 1923, and was also consulting surgeon to Mid dlesex hospital. He received many British honours, being knighted in 1912 and made a baronet in 1925. He died Dec. 20, 1936.
His published works, include Ligaments, their Nature and Mor phology (1887) ; Evolution and Disease (189o) ; Surgical Diseases of the Ovaries, etc. (1891) ; Tumours, Innocent and Malignant (1893) ; Diseases of Women (1897); Surgery of Pregnancy and Labour, com plicated with Tumours (19oi) ; Gall Stones and Diseases of the Bile Ducts (19°7); Man and Beast in Eastern Ethiopia (191I) ; Fibroids of the Uterus (1913) ; Selected Lectures and Essays (1920) ; Orations and Addresses (1924) .