BELLEGARDE, HEINRICH JOSEPH JOHANNES, COUNT VON (1756-1845), Austrian soldier and statesman, was born at Dresden on Aug. 29, 1756, and for a short time served in the Saxon army. Transferring his services to Austria in 1771 he earned distinction in the Turkish War of 1788-89 and the Nether lands campaigns of 1793-94, and in the campaign of 1796 in Germany, on the staff of the archduke Charles, whom he accom panied to Italy in the following year. In 1799 he commanded a corps in eastern Switzerland, connecting the armies of the arch duke and Suvarov, and finally joined the latter in north Italy. He conducted the siege of the citadel of Alessandria, and was present at the decisive battle of Novi. He served again in the latter part of the Marengo campaign of i800 in the rank of general of cavalry. In 18o5, when the archduke Charles left to take command in Italy, Bellegarde became president ad interim of the council of war. He was soon employed, however, in the field, and at the sanguinary battle of Caldiero he commanded the Austrian right. In the war of 1809 he commanded the extreme right wing of the main army (see NAPOLEONIC CAMPAIGNS). Cut off from Charles as the result of the battle of Eckmuhl, he retreat ed into Bohemia, but managed to rejoin before the great battles near Vienna (Aspern and Wagram). From 1809-13 Bellegarde, now field marshal, was governor-general of Galicia, but was often called to preside over the meetings of the Aulic Council (q.v.), especially in 1810 in connection with the reorganization of the Austrian army. In 1813-14-15 he led the Austrian armies in Italy. His successes in these campaigns were diplomatic as well as military, and he ended them by crushing the last attempt of Murat in 1815. From 1816-25 (when he had to retire owing to failing eyesight) he held various distinguished civil and military posts. He died in See K. von Smola Das Leben des F. M. von Bellegarde (2847) .