BOWERBANK, JAMES SCOTT English naturalist and palaeontologist, was born in Bishopsgate, London, and succeeded in conjunction with his brother to his father's dis tillery, in which he was actively engaged until 1847. About the year 1836 he and six others founded "The London Clay Club." In the year 1840 Bowerbank published A History of the Fossil Fruits and Seeds of the London Clay, and two years later he was elected F.R.S. He was the real originator of the Palaeontographi cal Society. His Monograph of the British Spongiadae was pub lished by the Ray Society, 1864-82.