BECKMANN, JOHANN (1 German technolo gist, was born on June 4, at Hoya, Hanover. After two years spent in St. Petersburg (Leningrad), teaching in the German Lutheran school maintained by A. F. B iisching there, and a year's travel in Scandinavia, he began to lecture at Gottingen university on the arts and sciences. Beckmann contemplated a complete technical history of the arts and sciences and may be said to be the father of technological science. He became full professor in 177o and died at Gottingen on Feb. 3, 1811. His Beitriige zur Geschichte der Erfindungen (1780-1805), was translated into English as the History of Inventions. Other important works are : Entwurf einer allgemeinen Technologie (1806) ; Anleitung zur Handelswissenschaft (1789) ; Vorbereitung zur Warenkunde ; Beitriige zur Okonomie, Technologie, Polizei- and Kameralwissenscha f t (17 7 7-91) .