ACHILLE CHARLES LEONCE VICTOR, Duc DE BROGLIE (1785— 1870), statesman and diplomatist, son of the last-named, was born in Paris on Nov. 28, 1785, and died in Paris, Jan. 25, 18 70. In 1809, he was added to the Council of State, over which Na poleon presided in person ; and was sent by the emperor on diplo matic missions, as attache, to various countries. He received, in June, 1814, a summons from Louis XVIII. to the Chamber of Peers. There, after the Hundred Days, he distinguished himself by his courageous defence of Marshal Ney, for whose acquittal he, alone of all the peers, both spoke and voted. On Feb. 15, 1816, he was married at Leghorn to the daughter of Madame de Statl. He returned to Paris at the end of the year, but took no part in poli tics until the elections of Sept. 1817 broke the power of the "ultra royalists" and substituted for the Chambee introuvable a moder ate assembly. During the last critical years of Charles X.'s reign, de Broglie identified himself with the doctrinaires, among whom Royer-Collard and Guizot were the most prominent. After the July revolution he was minister of education for a few months. After the insurrection of June 1832, de Broglie took office once more as minister for foreign affairs (Oct. i I ) . His tenure of the foreign office was coincident with a very critical period in inter national relations. But for the sympathy of Great Britain under Palmerston, the July monarchy would have been completely iso lated in Europe; and this sympathy the aggressive policy of France in Belgium and on the Mediterranean coast of Africa had been in danger of alienating. The Belgian crisis had been settled, so far as the two powers were concerned, before de Broglie took office ; but the concerted military and naval action for the coer cion of the Dutch, which led to the French occupation of Ant werp, was carried out under his auspices. The good understanding of which this was the symbol characterized also the relations of de Broglie and Palmerston during the crisis of the first war of Mehemet Ali (q.v.) with the Porte, and in the affairs of the Spanish peninsula their common sympathy with constitutional liberty led to the treaty of alliance between Great Britain, France, Spain and Portugal, signed at London on April 22, 1834. De Broglie had retired from office in the February preceding, and did not return to power till March of the following year, when he became head of the cabinet. In 1836, on the defeat of the government, he once more resigned, and never returned to official life. He had found France isolated and Europe full of the rumours of war ; he left her strong in the English alliance and the respect of Liberal Europe, and Europe freed from the restless apprehensions which were to be stirred into life again by the attitude of Thiers in the Eastern Question and of Guizot in the affair of the "Spanish marriages." From 1836 to 1848 de Broglie held almost completely aloof from politics. The revolution of 1848 was a great blow to him. He took his seat, however, in the republican National Assembly and in the Convention of 5848, and, as a member of the section known as the "Burgraves," did his best to stem the tide of socialism and to avert the reaction in favour of autocracy which he foresaw. He shared with his col leagues the indignity of the coup d'etat of Dec. 2, 1851, and re mained for the remainder of his life one of the bitterest enemies of the imperial regime, though he was heard to remark, with that caustic wit for which he was famous, that the empire was "the government which the poorer classes in France desired and the rich deserved." The last twenty years of his life were devoted chiefly to philosophical and literary pursuits.
Besides his Souvenirs, in 4 vols. the duc de Broglie's published works include Ecrits et discours (3 vols., 1863) ; Le Libre Echange et l'impot (1879) ; Vues sur le gouvernement de la France 0860 . This last was confiscated before publication by the imperial government. See Guizot, Le Duc de Broglie (187o) , and Memoires (1858-67) ; and the histories of Thureau-Dangin and Duvergier de Hauranne.