Aaron Burr
Burr, Aaron (1756-1836), American Political Leader, Was Born At Newark, (n.j.). His Father, The Rev. Aaron Burr (1715-57), Was The Second President Of The College Of New Jersey, Now Princeton University; His Mother Was The Daughter Of Jonathan Edwards, The Well-known Calvinist Theologian. Both His Parents Died When Aaron Burr ...
Achille Charles Leonce Victor
Achille Charles Leonce Victor, Duc De Broglie (1785— 1870), Statesman And Diplomatist, Son Of The Last-named, Was Born In Paris On Nov. 28, 1785, And Died In Paris, Jan. 25, 18 70. In 1809, He Was Added To The Council Of State, Over Which Na Poleon Presided In Person ; ...
Administrative Organization Of Broadcasting
Administrative Organization Of Broadcasting It Has Been Indicated That There Are Two Main Types Of Organi Zation Handling Public Broadcasting; The Commercial And Com Petitive Type And The Centralized Public-service Type; And That The Former Type Tends Steadily To Approximate To The Latter So Far As Concerns Its Relation With ...
Adrian Brouwer Or Brauwer
Brouwer Or Brauwer, Adrian (c. Flemish Painter, Was Born At Oudenarde (according To Some Authorities At Haarlem), And Died At Antwerp In Jan. 2638. He Went To Amsterdam In 1626, In 1628 To Haarlem, Where He Was A Pupil Of Frans Hals, And In 1631 To Antwerp, Where He Came ...
Alban Butler
Butler, Alban (1710-1773), English Roman Catholic Priest And Hagiologist, Was Born In Northampton On Oct. 24, 171o. He Was Educated At The English College, Douai, Where On His Ordination To The Priesthood In 1735, He Held Successively The Chairs Of Philosophy And Divinity. After Some Years Spent In England He ...
Alexander Brome
Brome, Alexander (162o-66), English Poet, Wrote Many Drinking Songs And Satirical Verses In Favour Of The Royal Ists And Against The Rump. He Published In 1661 Songs And Other Poems, Containing Songs On Various Subjects, Followed By A Series Of Political Songs, Ballads, Epistles, Elegies And Epitaphs, Epigrams And Translations. ...
Alexander Hood Bridport
Bridport, Alexander Hood, Viscount (1727— 1814), British Admiral, Was The Younger Brother Of Samuel, Lord Hood. Entering The Navy In Jan. 1i41, He Was Appointed Lieuten Ant Of The "bridgewater" Six Years Later, And Served Under Saunders In The Mediterranean And Under Hawke At Quiberon Bay (nov. 20, 1759). He ...
Alexandre Brongniart
Brongniart, Alexandre 7o-1847), French Mineralogist And Geologist, Son Of The Eminent Architect Who De Signed The Bourse And Other Public Buildings Of Paris, Was Born In That City, And Became Professor Of Natural History In The College Des Quatre Nations. In 1800 He Was Made Director Of The Sevres Porcelain ...
Alexei Alexeievich Brusilov
Brusilov, Alexei Alexeievich Russian Soldier, Was Born Aug. 19 1853, Of An Old Family. He Began His Military Career As A Cavalry Officer In The Caucasus, And In The Russo-turkish War Of 1877-78 He Distinguished Himself By His Courage And Resource. From This Time Onwards He Held Important Commands, And ...
Alfred Bruneau
Bruneau, Alfred , French Musical Com Poser, Was Born In Paris On March 3, 1857, And Was Educated At The Paris Conservatoire, Where He Gained The 2nd Grand Prix For Composition. He Played The Violoncello In Pasdeloup's Orches Tra, And Soon Began To Compose. In 1884 His Ouverture Heroique Was ...
Alfred Bunn
Bunn, Alfred (1796-1860), English Theatrical Manager, Was Stage-manager Of Drury Lane Theatre, London (1823), Of The Theatre Royal, Birmingham (1826), And Joint Manager Of Drury Lane And Covent Garden, London (1833) . He Had Difficulties First With His Company, Then With The Lord Chamberlain, And Had A Long-standing Quarrel With ...
Alois Brandl
Brandl, Alois ), Austrian Scholar, Was Born At Innsbruck, Austria, June 21 1855: He Was Successively Pro Fessor Of English Literature At Prague, Goettingen, Strasbourg And Berlin. He Was President Of The German Shakespeare Society And From 1899 To 1918 Joint Editor Of Its Jahrbuch. He Edited The Reissue Of ...
Ambrose Everett Burnside
Burnside, Ambrose Everett Amer Ican Soldier, Was Born At Liberty, Ind., On May 23, 1824, Of Scot Tish Pedigree, His American Ancestors Settling In The North-west Wilderness, Where His Parents Lived In A Rude Log Cabin. He Was Appointed To The U.s. Military Academy Through Casual Favour, And Graduated In ...
American Brick
American Brick Classes And Standards.—in American Practice A Brick Is A Structural Unit Of Burned Clayey Material, In The Form Of A Rec Tangular Block, With The Standard Dimensions Of 2+in. By Sin. By Sin. Bricks Of Other Sizes, Of Other Materials, And Other Structure Than Solid Except Limited Perforations, ...
Anatomy Of The Brain
Anatomy Of The Brain The Brain Is That Part Of The Central Nervous System Which Is Contained Within The Skull. It Is The Seat Of Consciousness And Memory And It Contains The Receptive Centres For Various Sensory Impulses Which Come From The Skin, Joints, Muscles And Organs Of Special Sense. ...
Ancient
Ancient Authorities.-the Principal References To Early Britain In Classical Writers Occur In Strabo, Diodorus, Julius Caesar, The Elder Pliny, Tacitus, Ptolemy, Cassius Dio And Ammianus Marcellinus, And In The Lists Of The Antonine Itinerary (probably About A.d. 210-230; Ed. Parthey, 1848) , The Notitia Dignitatum (about A.d. 400 ; Ed. ...
Andrea Briosco
Briosco, Andrea (c. 1470-1532), Italian Sculptor And Architect, Known As Riccio ("curly-headed"), Was Born At Padua. He Is Known By The Church Of Sta Giustina In Padua, But He Is Most Famous As A Worker In Metal. His Masterpieces Are The Bronze Paschal Candelabrum (i 1 Ft. High) In The ...
Andrei Byeluy
Byeluy, Andrei Pen Name Of Boris Bugaiev, Russian Writer, Was Born In Moscow, Oct. 7, 188o, The Son Of A Well-known Mathematician. When He Graduated In 1904 From The Moscow University, He Had Already Published Poetry Of A Symbolic Type. His Books Of Poetry And Rhythmic Prose Are Symbolic Phantasies, ...
Angela Georgina Bur Dett Coutts
Burdett-coutts, Angela Georgina Bur Dett-coutts, Baroness (1814-1906), English Philanthro Pist, Youngest Daughter Of Sir Francis Burdett, Was Born On April 21, 1814 At 8o, Piccadilly, London. Much Of Her Girlhood Was Spent At Her Father's Town House In St. James's Place, And There She Met Disraeli, Tom Moore, Samuel Rogers, ...
Anglo Saxon Britain
Anglo-saxon Britain History.—the History Of Britain After The Withdrawal Of The Roman Troops Is Extremely Obscure, But There Can Be Little Doubt That For Many Years The Inhabitants Were Exposed To Devastating Raids By The Picts And Scots. According To Gildas It Was For Protection Against These Incursions That The ...
Anson Burlingame
Burlingame, Anson (182o-187o), American Legis Lator And Diplomat, Was Born In New Berlin, N.y., On Nov. 14, 1820. In 1823 His Parents Took Him To Ohio, And About Ten Years Afterwards To Michigan. In 1838-41 He Studied In One Of The "branches" Of The University Of Michigan, And In 1846 ...
Anton Bruckner
Bruckner, Anton (1824-1896), Austrian Musical Composer, Was Born On Sept. 4, 1824, At Ansfelden In Upper Austria. He Successfully Competed For The Organistship For Linz Cathedral In 1885. In 1867 He Succeeded His Former Master Of Counterpoint, Sechter, As Organist Of The Ho F Kapelle In Vienna, And Also Became ...
Antonio Sanchez De Bustamante
Bustamante, Antonio Sanchez De (1865 '933), Cuban Lawyer, Statesman, Publicist, Was Born On April 13, 1865, In Havana, Cuba, Where His Father Was Professor And Dean Of The Faculty Of Medicine In The University. He Received Most Of His Education In His Native City, And Obtained His Degree Of Advo ...
Appiano Buonafede
Buonafede, Appiano ), Italian Philoso Pher, Was Born At Comachio, In Ferrara, And Died In Rome. He Became Professor Of Theology At Naples In 174o, And Entering The Religious Body Of The Celestines, Rose To Be General Of The Order. His Della Restaurazione Di Ogni Filosofia Ne' Secoli, Xvi., Xvii., ...
Aristide Briand
Briand, Aristide (1862-1932), French Statesman, Was Born At Nantes March 28, 1862. As A Law Student He Became Asso Ciated With Advanced Movements In Politics, Writing Articles For Le Peuple, And Directing The Lanterne For Some Time. From This He Passed To The Petite Republique, Leaving It To Found With ...
Art Brushes
Art Brushes History.—the Brush, Like Many Other Hand Tools, Is Simply An Improvement On What The Fingers Can Do. No Attempt Will Be Made To Trace Its Exact Origin, But Among The Remains Of The Cro-magnon Race Are Found Pictures On The Walls Of Dordogne That Certainly Required Brushes In ...
Arthur Brisbane
Brisbane, Arthur (1864-1936), American Newspaper Editor, Was Born In Buffalo, N.y., Dec. 12, 1864. After An Educa Tion In The American Public Schools And Five Years Spent In France And Germany, He Entered The Employ Of The New York Sun In 1882 Or 1883 As A Reporter, Later Becoming Its ...
Arthur Broke Or Brooke
Broke Or Brooke, Arthur (d. 1563), English Author, Wrote The First English Version Of The Story Of Romeo And Juliet. The Tragicall Historye Of Romeus And Julieit (1562) Is A Rhymed Account Of The Story, Taken, Not Directly From Bandello's Collection Of Novels , But From The French Translation (histoires ...
Arthur Coke Burnell
Burnell, Arthur Coke (184o-1882), English San Skrit Scholar, Was Born At St. Briavels, Gloucestershire, In 5840. In 186o He Went To Madras As A Member Of The Indian Civil Service. Here He Utilized Every Opportunity To Acquire Or Copy Sanskrit Manuscripts. In 1870 He Presented His Collection Of 35o Mss. ...
Arthur Henry Bullen
Bullen, Arthur Henry British Man Of Letters, Was Born In London On Feb. 9, 1857 And Educated At The City Of London School And Balliol College, Oxford. He Was The Son Of George Bullen, Sometime Keeper Of The Printed Books At The British Museum. He Was An Authority On 16th ...
Attitude To French Revolution
Attitude To French Revolution The Scene Grew Still More Sinister In His Eyes After The March Of The Mob From Paris To Versailles In October, And The Violent Transport Of The King And Queen From Versailles To Paris. The Same Hatred Of Lawlessness And Violence Which Fired Him With A ...
August Wilhelm Brunswick Bevern
Brunswick - Bevern, August Wilhelm, Duke Of (1715-1781), Prussian Soldier, Son Of Ernst Ferdinand, • Duke Of Brunswick-bevern, Entered The Prussian Army In 1731. He Commanded A Wing In The Battle Of Lobositz In 1756, And Defeated The Austrians Under Marshal Konigsegg At Reichenberg On April 21, He Took Part ...
Augustine Susanne Brohan
Brohan, Augustine Susanne French Actress, Was Born In Paris On Jan. 22 1807 And Died On Aug. 16 1887. She Made Her First Paris Appearance At The Odeon In 1832 As Dorine In Tartuffe. She Appeared At The Comedie Fran Caise, Feb. 1834, As Madelon In Les Precieuses Ridicules, And ...
Augustus John Hervey
Augustus John Hervey, 3rd Earl Of Bristol (1724--1779), En Tered The Navy, Served Under Byng In The Mediterranean, And Gave Evidence At His Trial In 1757. He Was Of Great Assistance To Admiral Hawke In 1759. Having Served With Distinction In The West Indies Under Rodney, His Active Life At ...
Baron De Nelier
Nelier, Baron De (1730-1807), French Diplomatist, Was Born At The Château Of Azay-le-feron (indre) On March 17, 1730. He Served On Embassies To Cologne, St. Petersburg (leningrad), Stockholm, Vienna, Naples, And Again Vienna, Until He Was Re Called In 1783 To Become Minister Of The King's Household. A Close Friend ...
Barthold Heinrich Brockes
Brockes, Barthold Heinrich Ger Man Poet, Was Born At Hamburg On Sept. 22, 1680. He Studied Jurisprudence At Halle, And After Extensive Travels In Italy, France And Holland, Settled In His Native Town In 1704. In 1720 He Was Appointed A Member Of The Hamburg Senate, And Entrusted With Several ...
Battle Of Bussaco
Bussaco, Battle Of. Compelled By Circumstancet (see Peninsular War) To Adopt A Defensive Policy In 1810, Wellington Had Spent The Winter In Creating The "lines Of Torres Vedras" (q.v.). Before Retiring Behind Them, However, He Decided That, For The Sake Of The Moral Of The Newly-formed Portuguese Army, As Well ...
Battles Of Brestlitovsk
Brestlitovsk, Battles Of. Under This Heading Are Related The Fortunes Of Mackensen's Third Forward Bound In The Great Offensive Of The Central Powers Against Russia In 1915. The Period Covered Is From The Middle Of July To The Middle Of September. The Aim Of Mackensen's Group Of Armies, Directed Between ...
Beer Bottling
Beer Bottling There Are Two Main Methods Of Bottling Beer. In The First, The Older And Simpler Method, The Beer Is At A Certain Age After Casking Merely Run Into A Bottle, Stoppered And Stored. During Storage A Slight Fermentation Takes Place In The Bottle And These Beers Have A ...
Benedetto Grin
Grin, Benedetto (1833-1898), Italian Naval Adminis Trator, Was Born At Turin On May 17, 1833, And Became A Naval Engineer. In 1873 Admiral Saint-bon, Minister Of Marine, Ap Pointed Him Under-secretary Of State. The Two Supplemented Each Other; Saint-bon Conceived A Type Of Ship, Brin Made The Plans And Directed ...
Benjamin Brierley
Brierley, Benjamin (1825-1896), English Weaver And Writer In Lancashire Dialect. He Started In 1869 Ben Brierley's Journal, A Weekly, Which Continued Till 1891, And He Gave Public Readings From His Own Writings, Visiting America In 188o And 1884. His Sketches, Produced Under The Name Of "ab-o'-th'-yate" (about America, London, Etc.), ...
Benjamin Franklin Butler
Butler, Benjamin Franklin (1818-1893), American Lawyer, Soldier And Politician, Was Born In Deerfield, N.h., On Nov. 5, 1818. He Graduated From Waterville (now Colby) College In 1838, Was Admitted To The Massachusetts Bar In 1840, Began Practice At Lowell, Mass., And Early Attained Dis Tinction As A Lawyer, Particularly In ...
Benjamin Helm Bristow
Bristow, Benjamin Helm American Lawyer And Politician, Was Born In Elkton, Ky., On June 20, 183 2. He Graduated At Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Pa., In 1851, Studied Law Under His Father, And Was Admitted To The Kentucky Bar In 1853. During The Civil War He Was Lieutenant Colonel Of The ...
Bernhard Bulow
Bulow, Bernhard, Prince Von (1849-1929), Was Born At Flottbek On The Lower Elbe On May 3, 1849, Of A Distin Guished Family. His Father, Bernhard Ernst Von Billow, Had Begun His Career In The Service Of Denmark, Of Which State Holstein At That Time Still Formed Part. He Represented The ...
Bernhard Ernst Von Bulow
Bulow, Bernhard Ernst Von Dan Ish And German Statesman, Was The Son Of Adolf Von Billow, A Danish Official, And Was Born At Cismar, Holstein, On Aug. 2, 1815. He Studied Law At Berlin, Gottingen And Kiel, And Began His Political Career In The Service Of Denmark, In The Chancery ...
Birgitta Bridget
Bridget, Birgitta, Of Sweden, Saint (c. 1302-1373), The Most Famous Saint Of The Northern Kingdoms, Was The Daughter Of Birger Persson, Governor And Provincial Judge Of Uppland. In 1316 She Married Ulf Gudmarson, Lord Of Nericia, And Of Her Eight Children, One Became St. Catherine Of Sweden. About 1342 She ...
Bohlislav Brauner
Brauner, Bohlislav (1855— ), Czech Chemist, Was Born May 8 1855, At Prague. He Studied Chemistry At Prague And Also Under Bunsen At Heidelberg And Roscoe In Manchester, Where, In 1881, He Was Elected Berkeley Fellow Of Owens College. In 1883, He Was Appointed Lecturer And In 1890 Professor Of ...
Bombulum Or Bunibulum Bumbulum
Bumbulum, Bombulum Or Bunibulum, A Musical Instrument Described In An Apocryphal Letter Of St. Jerome To Dardanus. There Is No Evidence At All Of Such An Instrument—described As Consisting Of An Angular Frame From Which Metal Plates And Small Bells Depended—having Ever Existed. ...
Brain Fever Bird
Brain-fever Bird (hierococcyx Varius), An Indian Cuckoo Superficially Resembling The Indian Sparrow Hawk. It Takes Its Name From The Suggested Effect Of Its Constantly Reiterated Cries. Like The European Cuckoo (q.v.), It Is Parasitic, The Usual Hosts Being Babblers. ...
Brain
Brain. If By Physiology Of The Brain We Mean The Study Of The Biological Function Of That Organ, The State Of Exact Knowledge Regarding It Is Still Extremely Inadequate, Although There Exists A Vast Body Of Detailed Fact. General Inferences As To Function Drawn From Morphological And Phyloge Netic Data ...
Brainerd
Brainerd, A City Of Central Minnesota, U.s.a., On The E. Bank Of The Mississippi River, At An Altitude Of I , 2oof T., 128m. N.n.w. Of Minneapolis; The County Seat Of Crow Wing County. It Is Served By The Northern Pacific And The Minnesota And Inter National Railways. Population In ...
Braintree
Braintree, Urban District, Essex, England; 45m. N.e. Of London By A Branch Line From Witham Of The L.n.e. Rail Way. Pop. Of Urban District (193i) 8,912. The Parish Church Of St. Michael Is Fine Early English With Later Additions. The Bishops Of London Had Formerly A Palace Here, But Nothing ...
Braintree_2
Braintree, A Town Of Norfolk County, Massachusetts, U.s.a., 34.5sq.m. In Area, About Ten M. South Of Boston. Its Villages (braintree, South Braintree, East Braintree And Brain Tree Highlands) Are Served By The New York, New Haven And Hartford Railroad. The Population Was 10,580 In 1920, Of Whom 2,276 Were Foreign-born ...
Brake
Brake, Town Of Germany, In Oldenburg, On The Left Bank Of The Weser, About Halfway Between Bremen And The Mouth Of The River. Pop. 6,500. It Was For Centuries The Port Of Bremen, But Has Been Largely Superseded By Bremerhaven. Shipbuilding And Fishing Are Carried On. ...
Brakeman
Brakeman, In The United States, The Employee On Pas Senger Trains Of The Railroad Who Assists The Conductor And Is In Charge Of The Brakes. The Forward Brakeman Is Expected To Keep The Signal Appliances In Good Working Order And The Rear Brakeman On Many Trains Performs The Duties Of ...
Brake_2
Brake. A Means Of Controlling The Speed Of A Movement, Or Of Totally Arresting It. Nearly All Brakes Act Frictionally, Though The Opposition Of A Piston In A Cylinder Can Be Applied For Retard Ing Purposes, Converting The Cylinder Into An Air-compressor For The While. Dynamic Braking Is Another Non-frictional ...
Bramah Press
Bramah Press, The Practical Application Of Pascal's Law That Fluids Transmit Pressure Equally In All Directions. Joseph Bramah, About 1796, Was Able To Construct A Successful Press, Using A Small Pump Plunger And Conducting The Water To A Ram Of Much Larger Area. Each Portion Of The Surface Of The ...
Bramante Or Bramante Lazzari
Bramante Or Bramante Lazzari (c. 1514), Italian Architect And Painter, Whose Real Name Was Donato D'agnolo, Was Born At Monte-asdrualdo In Urbino. He Studied Painting Probably Under Mantegna Or Piero Della Francesca And In Milan Came Under The Influence Of Vincenzo Foppa. He Appears To Have Studied Architecture Under Luciano ...
Brambling
Brambling (fringilla Montefringilla), A Finch (q.v.) Allied To The Chaffinch (q.v.), But Slightly Larger And With A More Forked Tail. Breeding In High Northern Latitudes, The Brambling Has A Wide Range In The Old World And Occurs In Great Britain As A Winter Visitor. ...
Brampton
Brampton, A Market Town Of Cumberland, England, 9m. E.n.e. Of Carlisle, On A Branch Of The London And North-eastern Railway. Population Of Parish (1931) 7,932. It Is Situated In A Narrow Valley Opening Upon That Of The Irthing. Two Miles N.e. Of Brampton Is The Castle Of Naworth Built In ...
Bran
Bran, In Celtic Legend, The Name Of (i) The Hero Of The Welsh Mabinogi Of Branwen, Who Dies In The Attempt To Avenge His Sister's Wrongs; He Is The Son Of Llyr (=the Irish Sea-god Lir), Identified With The Irish Bran Mac Allait, Allait Being A Synonym Of Lir; (2) ...
Branch
Branch, A Limb Of A Tree; Hence Any Offshoot, E.g., Of A River, Railway, Etc., Of A Deer's Antlers, Of A Family Or Genealogical Tree, Or A Subdivision Or Department, As In "a Branch Of Learning" (fr. Branche, Late Lat. Branca, An Animal's Paw). The Phrase, To Destroy "root And ...
Branchiopoda
Branchiopoda, One Of The Sub-classes Of The Crustacea (q.v.), Comprising Some Of The Most Primitive Existing Forms Of The Class, Distinguished By The Flattened, Leaf-like Form Of The Limbs. Although, Like Most Crustacea, They Cannot Be Said To Have Any Popular English Names, Various Members Of The Group Have Been ...
Branco Or Parima
Branco Or Parima, A River Of Northern Brazil And Tribu Tary Of The Rio Negro, Formed By The Confluence Of The Takutu, Or "upper Rio Branco," And Uraricoera, About 3° N. And 6o° 28' W., And Flowing South By West To A Junction With The Negro. It Has Rapids In ...
Brancovan Or Brancoveanu
Brancovan Or Brancoveanu, The Name Of A Fam Ily Of Walachian Hospodars Which Played An Important Part In The History Of Rumania. It Was Of Serbian Origin And Was Connected With The Family Of Branko Or Brankovich. Constantine Branco Van, The Most Eminent Member Of The Family, Was Born In ...
Brandenburg
Brandenburg, The Name Of A Margraviate And Electo Rate That Later Became The Kingdom Of Prussia. The District Was Inhabited By The Semnones, And Afterwards By Various Slavonic Tribes, Who Were Partially Subdued By Charlemagne, But Soon Regained Their Independence. Later Henry The Fowler Defeated The Havelli, Or Hevelli, And ...
Brandenburg_2
Brandenburg, The Central And Largest Province Of The Land Of Prussia, Largely The Former Electorate Of Brandenburg. It Was Merged In 1701 In The Kingdom Of Prussia And Became One Of The Provinces Of Prussia In 1815. It Has An Area Of 15,074sq.m. ' (or 15,415sq.m., With The Province Of ...
Brandenburg_3
Brandenburg, A Town Of Prussia, Germany, Capital Of The District And Province Of Brandenburg, On The River Havel, 36m. W. By S. Of Berlin. Pop. , The Town Is Enclosed By Walls, And Is Divided Into Three Parts By The River—the Old Town On The Right And The New Town ...
Branding
Branding, In Criminal Law A Mode Of Punishment; Also A Method Of Marking Goods Or Animals; In Either Case By Stamping With A Hot Iron. The Greeks Branded Their Slaves With A Delta, A, For Ioixor. Robbers And Runaway Slaves Were Marked By The Romans With The Letter "f" (fur, ...
Brandon Or Brandan Brendan
Brendan, Brandon Or Brandan (c. 484-578), Irish Saint And Hero Of A Legendary Voyage In The Atlantic, Is Said To Have Been Born At Tralee In Kerry In A.d. 484. Mediaeval Historians Usually Call Him Brendan Of Clonfert, Or Brendan Son Of Finnloga, To Distinguish Him From His Contemporary, St. ...
Brandon
Brandon, Market Town, West Suffolk, England, On The Little Ouse Or Brandon River, 861m. N.n.e. Of London By The L.n.e. Railway. Pop. Of Parish (1931) 5,768. Extensive Deposits Of Flint Are Worked In The Neighbourhood, And The Work Of The "flint-knappers" Has Had Its Counterpart Here From Early Times. Close ...
Brandon_2
Brandon, The Second Largest City Of Manitoba, On The Assiniboine 133m. W. Of Winnipeg. Pop. (1931), 17,082. It Was Originally A Trading Post, Is Served By C.n.r. And C.p.r., And Stands In A Rich Agricultural Area. It Has Grain Mills, Brick Works, Creameries, Etc., And Is The Seat Of An ...
Brands
Brands Are Identification Marks Of Products Sold In Trade. Their Primary Purposes Are (i) To Give Buyers Confidence In The Articles They Purchase, (2) To Attach To The Producer Respon Sibility For His Products And (3) To Assist Producers In Advertising Their Products. There Are Four Chief Classes Of Brands ...
Brandy
Brandy, An Alcoholic Potable Spirit Distilled From Fer Mented Grape Juice. The Term Is Often Regarded As Having The Same Application As The German "branntwein" Or The French "brandevin." This Is Not Correct, As In France And Germany The Respective Titles Are Applied To Any Spirit Obtained By Distillation, The ...
Brandywine
Brandywine, The Name Of A Stream In Pennsylvania And Delaware, U.s.a., Which Runs Into The Delaware River A Few Miles East Of Wilmington (del.). It Is Famous As The Scene Of The Battle Of Brandywine In The American Revolution, Fought On Sept. 11, 1777, About Ion'. North-west Of Wilmington, And ...
Branford
Branford, A Borough Of New Haven County (conn.), U.s.a., At The Mouth Of The Branford River, 7m. S.e. Of New Haven, On The New York, New Haven And Hartford Railroad. The Population In 193o Was 2,365. It Has A Beautiful Library, Built (1893-96) And Endowed By T. B. Blackstone (1829-190o), ...
Branks Or Scolding Bridle
Branks Or Scolding-bridle, A Contrivance Former Ly In Use Throughout England And Scotland For The Punishment Of Scolding Women. It Seems To Have Never Been A Legalized Form Of Punishment; But Corporations And Lords Of Manors In England, Town Councils, Kirk-sessions And Barony Courts In Scotland As Sumed A Right ...
Brantford
Brantford, Port Of Entry, Ontario, Canada, On The Grand River, And On The Canadian National, And Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo Railways, And Also On The Brantford & Hamilton, And Erie And Northern Electric Railways. The River Is Navigable To Within 21m. Of The Town; For The Remaining Distance A Canal ...
Brantome
Brantome, Town Of South-west France, In The Department Of Dordogne, 2om. N. By W. Of Perigueux By Steam-tramway. Pop. (1931) 1,076. The Town, Built On An Island In The River Dronne, It Has Remains Of An Abbey Founded By Charlemagne About 77o And Afterwards Destroyed By The Normans. The Oldest ...
Branxton Or Brankston
Branxton Or Brankston, A Village Of Northumber Land, England, 2m. S.e. Of Coldstream And Iom. N.w. Of Wooler. It Was On Branxton Hill, Immediately South Of The Village, That The Battle Of Flodden (q.v.) Was Fought Between The English And The Scots On Sept. 9 1513. During The Fight The ...
Bran_2
Bran, The Material Obtained From The Outer Coat Of Cereals; The Ground Husk Of Grain. It Is Used Largely As A Feeding-stuff For Horses, Cattle, And Poultry And For Packing And In Cleaning And Polishing Goods. It Is Used Also As A Human Food, Especially As An Aid To Digestion, ...
Bras Dor
Bras D'or, An Irregular Landlocked And Tideless Gulf Or Lake, 5om. Long By 2om. Broad, Almost Separating Cape Breton Island (nova Scotia, Canada) Into Two Parts. A Ship Canal Goes Across The Isthmus (about Im. Wide). The Gulf Is Connected With The Atlantic By The Great And Little Bras D'or ...
Brasidas
Brasidas (d. 422 B.c.), A Spartan Officer During The Archi Damian War, The First Decade Of The Peloponnesian War (q.v.). He Was The Son Of Tellis And Argileonis, And Won His First Laurels By The Relief Of Methone Which Was Besieged By The Athenians (431 B.c.). During The Following Year ...
Brasov
Brasov (ger. Kronstadt, Hung. Brassd), A Town Of Tran Sylvania, Rumania, Centre Of The Old Saxon District Known As The Burzenland, And Capital Of The Rumanian Dept. Of Brtiov. Pop. (1924) 40,000, Of Which 15,000 Were Magyars, 12,000 Ru Manians And 1 I,000 Germans. Brasov Is Beautifully Situated On The ...
Brass Band Movement
Brass Band Movement. By This Name Is Generally Known A Movement Which Has Had Enormous Influence In Cultivat Ing And Developing Musical Tastes And Aptitudes Among The Work Ing-classes In England. Originating Not Far Short Of Ioo Years Ago In The Rival Performances Of Town And Village Bands, It Has ...
Brass Manufactures
Brass Manufactures. The Numberless Applica Tions Of Brass, And The Different Properties Which Can Be Obtained By Varying The Composition And Mode Of Treatment Of The Alloy, Have Led In Modern Times To Specialization. The Natural Conse Quence Has Been The Segregation Of Brass Manufacture Into Sep Arate Trades Or, ...
Brass
Brass, A River, Town And District Of Southern Nigeria, British West Africa. The Brass River Is One Of The Deltaic Branches Of The Niger, Lying East Of The Rio Nun Or Main Channel Of The River. From The Point Of Divergence From The Main Stream To The Sea The Brass ...
Brassard
Brassard, Originally A Piece Of Defensive Armour Cover Ing The Upper Arm (lat., Brachium—arm; French, Bras—arm), Now A Badge Or Armlet Worn On The Upper Arm. ...
Brassica
Brassica, A Plant Genus Of The Family Cruciferae (q.v.), Including The Cabbage, Mustard (qq.v.) And Other Well-known Plants. ...
Brass_2
Brass, An Alloy Consisting Mainly If Not Exclusively Of Copper And Zinc; In Its Older Use The Term Was Applied Rather To Alloys Of Copper And Tin, Now Known As Bronze (q.v.). The Brass Of The Bible Was Probably Bronze, And So Also Was Much Of The Brass Of Later ...
Bratislava
Bratislava, Capital Of Slovakia, Czechoslovakia, Is Sit Uated At The Base Of The Outlying Spurs Of The Little Carpathians On The Left Bank Of The Danube Where The River Is Bridged And Narrows To Pass Through The Theben Gorge. This Strategic Situa Tion Has Been Of Prime Importance In The ...
Bratlandsdal
Bratlandsdal, A Gorge Of Southern Norway In Stav Anger Amt (county), Formed By The Bratland Torrent Issuing Into Lake Suldal. A Remarkably Engineered Road Traverses' The Gorge And The Scenery Is Among The Most Magnificent In Norway. ...
Brattice
Brattice. In Mining, A Partition In An Airway, Constructed To Regulate Ventilation. A Brattice Is Built Of Varying Materials, According To The Nature Of The Mine; It May Be Of Stone Or Brick Or Strong Boards. The Term Is In Familiar Use Both In Britain And The United States, And ...
Brattishing
Brattishing, In Architecture, An Ornamental Cresting, Usually Pierced, And Occasionally Taking The Form Of A Battlement (q.v.). The Term Is Generally Used Of Open Work Forms Of Great Richness, Especially Foliated Forms. It Is Also Used Of Any Richly Pierced Work In Metal. ...
Brattleboro
Brattleboro, A Village Of Windham County (vermont), U.s.a., On The Connecticut River In The South-eastern Part Of The State, Eight M. From The Massachusetts Border. It Is Served By The Boston And Maine And The Central Vermont Railways. The Population In 1930 Was 8,709. It Is An Attractive Village, Situated ...
Braunsberg
Braunsberg, A Town Of Germany, Capital Of A Subdivision Of The District Of Konigsberg, East Prussia, 38m. S.w. Of Konigs Berg, On The Passarge, 4m. From Its Mouth In The Frisches Haff. Pop. 15,353. The Castle Of Braunsberg Was Built By The Teutonic Knights In 1241, And The Town Was ...
Bravo
Bravo, The Name For A Hired Assassin Such As Was Formerly Common In Italy (it. For "brave") . The Word Had At First No Evil Meaning But Was Applied To The Retainers Of The Great Noble Houses Or To The Cavalier-type Of Swashbucklers Familiar In Fiction. In Later Italian History, ...
Bravura
Bravura (ital.), Bravery, A Term Used In Music To Signify A Passage Or Composition Of A Brilliant Character Demanding Ex Ceptional Powers, With Corresponding Courage And Assurance, On The Part Of The Performer. Thus In The Old Operas And Oratorios A Vocal Number Of This Kind Would Be Described As ...
Brawley
Brawley, A City Of Imperial County, Calif. (u.s.a.), About 2 2m. From The Mexican Border And Iom. From The Southern Tip Of The Salton Sea. It Is On Federal Highway 99 And The Southern 'pacific Railway. In 19o1 A Single Indian Wickiup Was The Only Habitation On The Site; In ...
Brawling
Brawling, In British Law, The Offence Of Quarrelling, Or Creating A Disturbance In A Church. During The Early Stages Of The Reformation In England Religious Controversy Too Often Be Came Converted Into Actual Disturbance, And The Ritual Lawlessness Of The Parochial Clergy Very Frequently Provoked Popular Violence. To Repress These ...