BRANDYWINE, the name of a stream in Pennsylvania and Delaware, U.S.A., which runs into the Delaware river a few miles east of Wilmington (Del.). It is famous as the scene of the battle of Brandywine in the American Revolution, fought on Sept. 11, 1777, about Ion'. north-west of Wilmington, and a few miles inside the Pennsylvania border. Sir William Howe, the British commander-in-chief, while opposed to Washington's army in New Jersey, had formed the plan of capturing Philadelphia from the south side by a movement by sea to the head of Delaware bay. But contrary winds and accidents delayed the British trans ports so long that Washington, who was at first puzzled, was able to divine his opponents' intentions in time, and rapidly moving to the threatened point occupied a strong entrenched position at the fords over the Brandywine, 25m. south-west of Philadelphia. Here, on Sept. I1, the British attacked him. Howe's plan, which was carefully worked out and exactly executed, was to deliver an energetic feint attack against the American front, to take a strong column I2m. up the stream, and crossing beyond Washington's right to attack his entrenchments in rear. Washington was success fully held in play during the movement, and General Sullivan, the commander of the American right -wing, misled by the conflicting intelligence which reached him from up-stream, was surprised about noon by definite information as to the approach of the en emy on his right rear. Changing front "right back" in the dense country, he yet managed to oppose a stubborn resistance to the flanking attack, and with other troops that were hurried to the scene his division held its ground for a time near Birmingham meeting-house. But Howe pressed his attack sharply and drove back the Americans for 2m.; the holding attack of the British right was converted into a real one, and by nightfall Washington was in full retreat northward toward Chester, protected by General Greene and a steady rear-guard, which held off Howe's column for the necessary time. The British were too exhausted to pursue, and part of Howe's force was inextricably mixed up with the ad vancing troops of the frontal attack. The American loss in killed, wounded and prisoners was about I,000; that of the British less than 600. Howe followed up his victory, and on Sept. 27 entered Philadelphia.