BRUNO, SAINT, founder of the Carthusians, was born in Cologne about 1 o3o ; he was educated there and afterwards at Reims and Tours, where he studied under Berengarius (q.v.). He was ordained at Cologne, and in 1057, recalled to Reims to become head of the cathedral school and overseer of the schools of the diocese. He was made also canon and diocesan chancellor. Hav ing protested against the misdoings of a new archbishop, he was deprived of all his offices and had to fly for safety (1076) . On the deposition of the archbishop in io8o, Bruno was presented by the ecclesiastical authorities to the pope for the see, but Philip I. of France successfully opposed the appointment. After this Bruno retired, with six companions, to the mountains near Grenoble, and there founded the Carthusian order (1084). After six years Urban II. called him to Rome and offered him the archbishopric of Reggio ; but he refused it, and withdrew to a desert in Calabria, where he established two other monasteries. He died in I1o1. His Commentaries on the Psalms and the Pauline Epistles are to be found in Migne, Patr. Lat. clii. and cliii.
See his Life in the Bollandists' Acta Sanctorum (Oct. 6), also Hermann Lobbel, Der Stifter des Karthduser-Ordens, 1899 (vol. v. of "Kirchengeschichtliche Studien," Minster).