BRAND, SIR JOHN HENRY (1823-1888), president of the Orange Free State, was the son of Sir Christoffel Brand, speaker of the House of Assembly of Cape Colony. He was born at Cape Town on Dec. 6, 1823, and was educated at the South African College in that city. Continuing his studies at Leyden, he took the degree of D.C.L. in 1845, was called to the English bar from the Inner Temple in 1849, and practised (1849-63) as an advocate in the supreme court of the Cape of Good Hope. In 1858 he was appointed professor of law in the South African College. He was elected president of the Orange Free State in 1863, and subsequently re-elected for five years in 186g, 1874, 1879 and 1884. In 1864 he resisted the pressure of the Basuto on the Free State boundary, and took up arms against them in 1865. This first war ended in the treaty of Thaba Bosigo, signed on April 3, 1866; and a second war ended in the treaty of Aliwal North, concluded on Feb. 12, 1869. In 1871 Brand was asked by a large party to become president of the Transvaal, and thus unite the two Dutch republics of South Africa; but as the project was hostile to Great Britain he declined to do so, and maintained his constant policy of friendship towards England. He received the G.C.M.G. in 1882. He died on July 14, 1888. (See ORANGE FREE STATE: History.)