BULGE, SOPHUS (1833-1907), Norwegian philologist, the author of the first critical edition of the Edda, was born at Laurvik, Norway, educated at Christiania, Copenhagen and Berlin, and in 1866 became professor of comparative philology and Old Norse at Christiania University. He was a pioneer in the collec tion and study of Norwegian folk-songs, traditions, and Runic inscriptions. Bugge's critical edition of the elder Edda (Norroen Fornkvoedi) was published at Christiania in 1867. He main tained that the songs of the Edda and the earlier sagas were largely founded on Christian and Latin tradition imported into Scandinavian literature by way of England. His next most important work was the monumental edition (1891 et seq.) of ancient Norwegian inscriptions. His writings also include Gainle Norske Folkeviser (1858), a collection of Old Norse folk-songs; Bidrag til den aeldste skaldedigtnings historie (1894) ; Helge digtene i den Aeldre Edda (1896, Eng. trans., The Home of the Eddic Poems, 1899) ; Norsk Saga f ortaelling og Sagaskrivning i Island (19o1).