CANDOLLE, AUGUSTIN PYRAME DE Swiss botanist, was born at Geneva on Feb. 4, 1778. He studied at Geneva and settled in Paris in 1796. His Historia Plantarum Succulentarum (4 vols., 1799-1803) and Astragalogia (1802) in troduced him to the notice of Cuvier and to J. B. Lamarck, who confided to him the publication of the third edition of the Flore f rancaise (1803-15) . The Principes elementaires de botanique, printed as the introduction to this work, contained the first exposi tion of his principle of classification according to the natural as opposed to the Linnean or artificial method. In 1804 he published his Essai sur les proprietes medicates des plantes, etc., and soon after, in 1806, his Synopsis plantarum in flora Gallica descrip tarum. At the desire of the French Government he spent the sum mers of the following six years in making a botanical and agricul tural survey of the whole kingdom, the results of which were pub lished in 1813. He lectured on botany at Montpellier (1807-16) till he returned to Geneva to fill the chair of natural history there. The rest of his life was spent in an attempt to elaborate and com plete his "natural" system of botanical classification, embodied in his Regni vegetabilis systema naturale, of which two volumes only were completed (1821). In 1824 he began a less extensive work of the same kind—his Prodromus systematis regni vege tabilis, 7 vols. He died on Sept. 9, 1841, at Geneva.
His son, ALPHONSE LOUIS PIERRE PYRAME DE CANDOLLE, born at Paris on Oct. 28, 1806, succeeded to his father's chair. He pub lished continuations of the Prodromus in collaboration with his son, Anne Casimir Pyrame de Candolle; Geographie botanique raisonnee (1855) ; Lois de la Nomenclature botanique (1867) ; Origine des plantes cultivees (1883) ; and numerous other botani cal works. He died at Geneva on April 4, See A. de Candolle, Memoires et Souvenirs d'Augustin Pyrame de Candolle (1862).