CABER TOSSING, a Scottish athletic game which con sists in throwing a section of a trunk of a tree, called the "caber" (Gaelic caber, a pole or beam), in such a manner that it shall turn over in the air and fall on the ground with its small end point ing in the direction directly opposite to the "tosser." Tossing the caber is usually considered to be a distinctly Scottish sport, although "casting the bar," an exercise evidently similar in character, was popular in England in the i6th century but after wards died out. The caber is the heavy trunk of a tree from 16 to 20 ft. long. It is often brought upon the field heavier than can be thrown and then cut to suit the contestants, although sometimes cabers of different sizes are kept, each contestant tak ing his choice. The toss is made after a run, the caber being set up perpendicularly with the heavy end up by assistants on the spot indicated by the tosser, who sets one foot against it, grasps it with both hands, and, as soon as he feels it properly balanced, gives the word to the assistants to let go their hold. He then raises the caber and gets both hands underneath the lower end. "A practised hand, having freed the caber from the ground, and got his hands underneath the end, raises it till the lower end is nearly on a level with his elbows, then advances for several yards, gradually increasing his speed till he is sometimes at a smart run before he gives the toss. Just before doing this he allows the caber to leave his shoulder, and as the heavy top end begins to fall forward, he throws the end he has in his hands upwards with all his strength, and, if successful, after the heavy end strikes the ground the small end continues its upward motion till perpendicular, when it falls forward, and the caber lies in a straight line with the tosser" (W. M. Smith). The winner is he who tosses with the best and easiest style, according to old High land traditions, and whose caber falls straightest in a direct line from him. The champion caber tossers of Scotland were E. W. Currie and Wm. Perrie and Dr. C. Ross; their performances in cluded tosses of 4o to 42 ft., made during 188o-95. In America a style called the Scottish-American prevails at Caledonian games. In this the object is distance alone, the same caber being used by all contestants and the toss being measured from the tosser's foot to the spot where the small end strikes the ground. This style is repudiated in Scotland. Donald Dinnie, born in 1837 and still a champion in 189o, was the best tosser of modern times.
Caber tossing is usually held annually under the auspices of the New York Caledonian Club and included in the programme of track and field sports, although the game is not as popular in America as it used to be. James Cumming, born in Scotland, is the record-holder in America.
See W. M. Smith, Athletics and Athletic Sports in Scotland 0895).