CAESAREA MAZACA (mod. Kaisarieh), chief town of a vilayet of the same name in Asia Minor. Mazaca, the resi dence of the kings of Cappadocia, later called Eusebea (perhaps after Ariarathes Eusebes), and named Caesarea probably by Claudius, stood on a low spur on the north side of Erjies Dagh (M. Argaeus). The site, now called Eski-sliehr, shows only a few traces of the old town. It was taken by Tigranes and de stroyed by the Persian king Shapur (Sapor) I. after his defeat of Valerian in A.D. 26o. In the 4th century Basil, when bishop, established an ecclesiastical centre on the plain, about 1 m. to the north-east, and this gradually supplanted the old town. A portion of Basil's new city was surrounded with strong walls and turned into a fortress by Justinian ; and within the walls, rebuilt in the 13th and 16th centuries, lies the greater part of Kaisarieh, altitude 3,500 ft. The town was captured by the Seljuk sultan, Alp Arslan, 1064, and by the Mongols, 1243, before passing to the Osmanli Turks. The town is noted for its fruit, especially its vines; it exports tissues, carpets, hides, berries and dried fruit. Pop. (192 7) 100,005. It is the headquarters of the American mis sion in Cappadocia. It is the seat of a Greek bishop, an Armenian archbishop and a Roman Catholic bishop, and there is a Jesuit school.