CAGLI, a town and (with Pergola) an episcopal see of the Marches, Italy, in the province of Pesaro and Urbino, 18m. south of the latter town by rail, and 8.3oft. above sea-level. Pop. (1939 town. 3,957; commune. 12,145. The church of St. Domenico contains a good fresco (Madonna and saints) by Giovanni Santi, the father of Raphael. A tower of the citadel of the 15th century, constructed by Francesco di Giorgio Martini of Siena, is on the south-east of the modern town. Cagli occupies the site of an ancient vicus (village) on the Via Flaminia, which bore the name Cale, 24m. north of Helvillum (mod. Sigillo) and 18m. S.W. of Forum Sempronii (mod. Fossombrone). Below the town to the north is a single arched bridge of the road, the arch having a span of ;ft. Eight miles north of Cagli the Via Flaminia, which is still the high-road, traverses the Furlo Pass, with a tunnel 42yd. long, excavated by Vespasian in A.D. 76 or 77, as an inscription at the north end records. There is another tunnel at lower level, which belongs to an earlier date; this seems to have been in use till the construction of the Roman road, which at first ran round the rock on the outside. In repairing the modern road just outside the south entrance to the tunnel, a quantity of debris belonging to the castle of Petra Pertusa, burned by the Lombards in 570 or 571, was found. Here also was found an inscription of A.D. 295, relating to the measures taken to suppress brigandage in these parts. (See APENNINES.) See Journal of Roman Studies, XI., 583 sqq., a brief account with reff. (1921) .