CAJAMARCA, a department of Peru lying between the western and central Cordilleras and extending from the frontier of Ecuador south to about 7° S. lat., having the departments of Piura and Lambayeque on the west and Amazonas on the east. Its area according to official returns is 12,541 square miles. The upper Maranon traverses from the eastern boundary of the de partment. The department is an elevated region, well watered with a large number of small streams which eventually find their way through the Amazon into the Atlantic. Many of its products are of the temperate zone, and considerable attention is given to cattle-raising. Coal is found in the province of Hualgayoc, which is also one of the rich silver-mining districts of Peru. Next to its capital the most important town of the entire department is Cajamarquilla.