CALES (mod. CALVI), an ancient city of Campania, be longing originally to the Aurunci, on the Via Latina, 8m. N.N.W. of Casilinum. It was taken by the Romans in 335 B.C., and was for a long time the centre of the Roman dominion in Campania. It was an important base in the war against Hannibal. The fer tility of its territory and its manufacture of black glazed pottery (see Pagenstecher, Calenische Relie f keramik, Berlin, 1909, and C. L. Woolley in Journal of Roman Studies, i. 199), which was even exported to Etruria, made it prosperous. In the 5th century A.D. it became an episcopal see, which (jointly with Teano since 1818) it still is, though it is now a mere village. The cathedral, of the 12th century, has a carved portal and three apses decorated with small arches and pilasters, and contains a fine pulpit and episcopal throne in marble mosaic. Near it are two grottos which have been used for Christian worship and contain frescoes of the loth and 11th centuries. Inscriptions name six gates of the town, and the antiquarian remains are considerable, including parts of an amphitheatre and theatre, and of a supposed temple and other edifices.